Altmann Erik M, Hambrick David Z
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2017 May;146(5):615-620. doi: 10.1037/xge0000274. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
Positive effects of practice are ubiquitous in human performance, but a finding from memory research suggests that negative effects are possible also. The finding is that memory for items on a list depends on the time interval between item presentations. This finding predicts a negative effect of practice on procedural performance under conditions of task interruption. As steps of a procedure are performed more quickly, memory for past performance should become less accurate, increasing the rate of skipped or repeated steps after an interruption. We found this effect, with practice generally improving speed and accuracy, but impairing accuracy after interruptions. The results show that positive effects of practice can interact with architectural constraints on episodic memory to have negative effects on performance. In practical terms, the results suggest that practice can be a risk factor for procedural errors in task environments with a high incidence of task interruption. (PsycINFO Database Record
练习的积极作用在人类表现中普遍存在，但记忆研究的一项发现表明，消极作用也有可能出现。这一发现是，对列表中项目的记忆取决于项目呈现之间的时间间隔。这一发现预示着在任务中断的情况下，练习对程序性表现会产生消极作用。随着程序步骤执行得更快，对过去表现的记忆应该会变得不那么准确，从而增加中断后跳过或重复步骤的发生率。我们发现了这种效应，即练习通常会提高速度和准确性，但在中断后会损害准确性。结果表明，练习的积极作用可能会与情景记忆的结构限制相互作用，从而对表现产生消极影响。实际上，结果表明，在任务中断发生率较高的任务环境中，练习可能是程序性错误的一个风险因素。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
