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揭示逆转录病毒生产细胞系高生产力的参数:评估随机整合与靶向整合

Disclosing the Parameters Leading to High Productivity of Retroviral Producer Cells Lines: Evaluating Random Versus Targeted Integration.

作者信息

Bandeira Vanessa S, Tomás Hélio A, Alici Evren, Carrondo Manuel J T, Coroadinha Ana S

机构信息

1 Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Oeiras, Portugal .

2 Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Oeiras, Portugal .

出版信息

Hum Gene Ther Methods. 2017 Apr;28(2):78-90. doi: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.149.

Abstract

Gammaretrovirus and lentivirus are the preferred viral vectors to genetically modify T and natural killer cells to be used in immune cell therapies. The transduction efficiency of hematopoietic and T cells is more efficient using gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) pseudotyping. In this context gammaretroviral vector producer cells offer competitive higher titers than transient lentiviral vectors productions. The main aim of this work was to identify the key parameters governing GaLV-pseudotyped gammaretroviral vector productivity in stable producer cells, using a retroviral vector expression cassette enabling positive (facilitating cell enrichment) and negative cell selection (allowing cell elimination). The retroviral vector contains a thymidine kinase suicide gene fused with a ouabain-resistant Na,K-ATPase gene, a potential safer and faster marker. The establishment of retroviral vector producer cells is traditionally performed by randomly integrating the retroviral vector expression cassette codifying the transgene. More recently, recombinase-mediated cassette exchange methodologies have been introduced to achieve targeted integration. Herein we compared random and targeted integration of the retroviral vector transgene construct. Two retroviral producer cell lines, 293 OuaS and 293 FlexOuaS, were generated by random and targeted integration, respectively, producing high titers (on the order of 10 infectious particles·ml). Results showed that the retroviral vector transgene cassette is the key retroviral vector component determining the viral titers notwithstanding, single-copy integration is sufficient to provide high titers. The expression levels of the three retroviral constructs (gag-pol, GaLV env, and retroviral vector transgene) were analyzed. Although gag-pol and GaLV env gene expression levels should surpass a minimal threshold, we found that relatively modest expression levels of these two expression cassettes are required. Their levels of expression should not be maximized. We concluded, to establish a high producer retroviral vector cell line only the expression level of the genomic retroviral RNA, that is, the retroviral vector transgene cassette, should be maximized, both through (1) the optimization of its design (i.e., genetic elements composition) and (2) the selection of high expressing chromosomal locus for its integration. The use of methodologies identifying and promoting integration into high-expression loci, as targeted integration or high-throughput screening are in this perspective highly valuable.

摘要

γ逆转录病毒和慢病毒是用于免疫细胞治疗中对T细胞和自然杀伤细胞进行基因改造的首选病毒载体。使用长臂猿白血病病毒(GaLV)假型化可提高造血细胞和T细胞的转导效率。在这种情况下,γ逆转录病毒载体生产细胞比瞬时慢病毒载体生产具有更高的滴度。这项工作的主要目的是确定在稳定生产细胞中控制GaLV假型化γ逆转录病毒载体生产力的关键参数,使用一种逆转录病毒载体表达盒,它能够进行阳性(促进细胞富集)和阴性细胞筛选(允许细胞消除)。逆转录病毒载体包含一个与哇巴因抗性钠钾ATP酶基因融合的胸苷激酶自杀基因,这是一种可能更安全、更快的标记。逆转录病毒载体生产细胞的建立传统上是通过随机整合编码转基因的逆转录病毒载体表达盒来完成的。最近,重组酶介导的盒式交换方法已被引入以实现靶向整合。在此,我们比较了逆转录病毒载体转基因构建体的随机整合和靶向整合。分别通过随机整合和靶向整合产生了两种逆转录病毒生产细胞系,293 OuaS和293 FlexOuaS,它们产生的滴度很高(约为10个感染性颗粒·ml)。结果表明,尽管单拷贝整合足以提供高滴度,但逆转录病毒载体转基因盒是决定病毒滴度的关键逆转录病毒载体成分。分析了三种逆转录病毒构建体(gag-pol、GaLV env和逆转录病毒载体转基因)的表达水平。虽然gag-pol和GaLV env基因表达水平应超过最低阈值,但我们发现这两个表达盒的表达水平相对适度即可。它们的表达水平不应最大化。我们得出结论,要建立一个高产逆转录病毒载体细胞系,仅应通过(1)优化其设计(即遗传元件组成)和(2)选择高表达染色体位点进行整合,来最大化基因组逆转录病毒RNA的表达水平,即逆转录病毒载体转基因盒的表达水平。从这个角度来看,使用识别和促进整合到高表达位点的方法,如靶向整合或高通量筛选,具有很高的价值。

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