Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(22):3315-3321. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170316122949.
Loss of olfaction can cause noticeable reduction in general quality of life. Only a small portion of patients with olfactory loss respond to current medications. Thus, development of novel therapeutic strategies seems to be necessary. Looking into traditional medical knowledge can be of great value in addressing useful remedies. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) has been practiced in Persia for more than 2000 years. Avicenna is the most eminent Persian physician.
To survey Avicenna's views on etiology and management of olfactory loss and to search for relevant modern pharmacological data.
Avicenna's views on etiology and management (including suggested medicinal plants) of olfactory loss were obtained from "Canon of Medicine". In addition, a detailed search in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was performed to elucidate relevant pharmacological actions and mechanisms of the plants and their major compounds with special focus on neuroprotective activity.
Acorus calamus L., Allium cepa L., Allium sativum L., Aloe spp., Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl, Lavandula stoechas L., Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Nigella sativa L., Peganum harmala L., Piper nigrum L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe were found to be the most emphatic plants for the treatment of olfactory loss. Pharmacological studies revealed biological activities including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging activities and promoting endogenous antioxidant capacity for these plants and their major components.
regarding the lack of effective treatments for recruiting normal smell in many cases, treatments suggested by Avicenna worth entering pharmacologic experiments and clinical trials.
嗅觉丧失会导致整体生活质量明显下降。只有一小部分嗅觉丧失的患者对目前的药物治疗有反应。因此，开发新的治疗策略似乎是必要的。研究传统医学知识在寻找有用的治疗方法方面具有重要价值。传统的波斯医学（TPM）在波斯已经有 2000 多年的历史了。阿维森纳是最杰出的波斯医生。
调查阿维森纳对嗅觉丧失的病因和治疗的看法，并寻找相关的现代药理学数据。
从《医典》中获取阿维森纳对嗅觉丧失的病因和治疗（包括建议使用的药用植物）的观点。此外，还在 ScienceDirect、PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了详细搜索，以阐明植物及其主要化合物的相关药理作用和机制，特别关注神经保护活性。
发现菖蒲、洋葱、大蒜、芦荟、肉桂、薰衣草、薄荷、黑种草、骆驼蓬、黑胡椒和生姜是治疗嗅觉丧失最有效的植物。药理研究显示，这些植物及其主要成分具有神经保护、抗炎、清除自由基活性和促进内源性抗氧化能力等生物活性。
鉴于许多情况下缺乏有效治疗方法来恢复正常嗅觉，阿维森纳建议的治疗方法值得进行药理学实验和临床试验。
