Traugott Matthew S, Stamp N E
Department of Biological Sciences, Box 6000, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA fax: 607-777-6521 e-mail: nstamp@binghamton. edu, , , , , , US.
Oecologia. 1997 Jan;109(2):265-272. doi: 10.1007/s004420050082.
Two diet experiments addressed the effects of allelochemical-fed prey (Manduca sexta caterpillars), temperature, and gender on performance of the insect predator, Podisus maculiventris. Two of the major allelochemicals in tomato were used: chlorogenic acid and tomatine. Predator performance was negatively affected by both chlorogenic acid-fed and tomatine fed-prey, and there were allelochemical by thermal regime interactions for both. Relative consumption rate and growth rate decreased at the higher levels of tomatine at the warmer thermal regime (summer conditions) but were unaffected at the cooler thermal regime (spring conditions). At the cooler thermal regime, stadium duration was prolonged when the predators were given chlorogenic acid-fed prey, but at the warmer thermal regime there was no such effect. There were several effects of gender: biomass gained, food consumed, relative growth rate and efficiency of conversion of ingested food to biomass were higher for females than males. Furthermore, the effects of thermal regime and tomatine on food consumption and biomass gained differed for females and males. In general, the hypothesis that generalist insect predators may be a selective pressure shaping host plant range of insect herbivores was supported by these results. But the occurrence of allelochemical by thermal regime interactions means that it will be difficult to determine the relative importance of plant chemistry versus predators on patterns of feeding specialization by herbivores without taking into account a third factor, temperature.
两项饮食实验研究了取食含有化感物质的猎物（烟草天蛾毛虫）、温度和性别对捕食性昆虫黄斑红蝽生长性能的影响。实验使用了番茄中的两种主要化感物质：绿原酸和番茄碱。取食含有绿原酸和番茄碱的猎物均对捕食者的生长性能产生负面影响，并且二者均存在化感物质与温度条件的相互作用。在较温暖的温度条件下（夏季条件），随着番茄碱含量升高，相对取食率和生长率下降，但在较凉爽的温度条件下（春季条件）则不受影响。在较凉爽的温度条件下，给捕食者投喂含有绿原酸的猎物时，若虫发育历期延长，但在较温暖的温度条件下则无此效应。性别也产生了一些影响：雌性在生物量增加、食物消耗、相对生长率以及摄入食物转化为生物量的效率方面均高于雄性。此外，温度条件和番茄碱对食物消耗和生物量增加的影响在雌性和雄性之间存在差异。总体而言，这些结果支持了泛食性捕食性昆虫可能是塑造食草昆虫寄主植物范围的选择压力这一假设。但是化感物质与温度条件相互作用的存在意味着，如果不考虑第三个因素——温度，就很难确定植物化学物质与捕食者在食草动物取食特化模式方面的相对重要性。
