Morand Serge, Legendre Pierre, Gardner Scott Lyell, Hugot Jean-Pierre
Centre de Biologie et d'Écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne, Laboratoire de Biologie Animale (Unité de Recherche Associée au CNRS 698), Université de Perpignan, Avenue Villeneuve, 66860, Perpignan, France.
Department de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Succ. A, C.P. 6128, H3C 3J7, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Oecologia. 1996 Jul;107(2):274-282. doi: 10.1007/BF00327912.
Studying the diversification of body size in a taxon of parasites allows comparison of patterns of variation observed in the parasites with patterns found in free-living organisms. The distributions of body size of oxyurid nematodes (obligate parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates) are lognormally right-skewed, except for male oxyurids in invertebrates which show left-skewed distributions. In these parasitic forms, speciose genera do not have the smallest body sizes. Parasite body size is positively correlated with host body size, the largest hosts possessing the largest parasites. This trend is shown to occur within one monophyletic group of oxyurids, those of Old World primates. Comparative methods are used to take account of the effects of phylogeny. The use of multiple linear regression on distance matrices allows measurements of the contribution of phylogeny to the evolution of body size of parasites. Evolution of body size in female pinworms of Old World primates appears to be dependent only on the body size of their hosts. The tendency of parasite body size to increase with host body size is discussed in the light of the evolution of life-history traits.
研究寄生虫类群中体型的多样化，有助于将寄生虫中观察到的变异模式与自由生活生物中的模式进行比较。除了寄生于无脊椎动物的雄性尖尾线虫呈现左偏态分布外，尖尾线虫（脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的专性寄生虫）的体型分布呈对数正态右偏态。在这些寄生形式中，物种丰富的属并非具有最小的体型。寄生虫的体型与宿主的体型呈正相关，最大的宿主拥有最大的寄生虫。这种趋势在尖尾线虫的一个单系类群中得到体现，即旧世界灵长类动物的尖尾线虫。采用比较方法来考虑系统发育的影响。对距离矩阵进行多元线性回归，能够衡量系统发育对寄生虫体型进化的贡献。旧世界灵长类动物雌性蛲虫的体型进化似乎仅取决于其宿主的体型。结合生活史特征的进化，讨论了寄生虫体型随宿主体型增大的趋势。
