Völkl Wolfgang, Woodring Joseph, Fischer Melanie, Lorenz Matthias W, Hoffmann Klaus H
Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, POB. 10 12 51, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, , , , , , DE.
Department of Biological Sciences, Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1715, USA, , , , , , US.
Oecologia. 1999 Mar;118(4):483-491. doi: 10.1007/s004420050751.
The honeydew composition and production of four aphid species feeding on Tanacetum vulgare, and mutualistic relationships with the ant Lasius niger were studied. In honeydew of Metopeurum fuscoviride and Brachycaudus cardui, xylose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, melezitose, and raffinose were detected. The proportion of trisaccharides (melezitose, raffinose) ranged between 20% and 35%. No trisaccharides were found in honeydew of Aphis fabae, and honeydew of Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria consisted of only xylose, glucose and sucrose. M. fuscoviride produced by far the largest amounts of honeydew per time unit (880 μg/aphid per hour), followed by B. cardui (223 μg/aphid per hour), A. fabae (133 μg/aphid per hour) and M. tanacetaria (46 μg/aphid per hour). The qualitative and quantitative honeydew production of the aphid species corresponded well with the observed attendance by L. niger. L. niger workers preferred trisaccharides over disaccharides and monosaccharides when these sugars were offered in choice tests. The results are consistent with the ants' preference for M. fuscoviride, which produced the largest amount of honeydew including a considerable proportion of the trisaccharides melezitose and raffinose. The preference of L. niger for B. cardui over A. fabae, both producing similar amounts of honeydew, may be explained by the presence of trisaccharides and the higher total sugar concentration in B. cardui honeydew. M. tanacetaria, which produced only low quantities of honeydew with no trisaccharides was not attended at all by L. niger.
研究了取食普通菊蒿的四种蚜虫的蜜露成分与分泌量，以及它们与黑褐蚁的互利关系。在暗绿小长管蚜和卡氏短尾蚜的蜜露中，检测到了木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、松三糖和棉子糖。三糖（松三糖、棉子糖）的比例在20%至35%之间。在豆蚜的蜜露中未发现三糖，而艾菊长管蚜的蜜露仅由木糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖组成。暗绿小长管蚜每单位时间分泌的蜜露量最大（每头蚜虫每小时880微克），其次是卡氏短尾蚜（每头蚜虫每小时223微克）、豆蚜（每头蚜虫每小时133微克）和艾菊长管蚜（每头蚜虫每小时46微克）。蚜虫种类的蜜露质量和分泌量与观察到的黑褐蚁的照料情况非常吻合。在选择试验中提供这些糖类时，黑褐蚁工蚁更喜欢三糖而非二糖和单糖。这些结果与蚂蚁对暗绿小长管蚜的偏好一致，暗绿小长管蚜分泌的蜜露量最大且含有相当比例的三糖松三糖和棉子糖。黑褐蚁对蜜露分泌量相似的卡氏短尾蚜的偏好高于豆蚜，这可能是因为卡氏短尾蚜的蜜露中存在三糖且总糖浓度更高。艾菊长管蚜分泌的蜜露量少且不含三糖，黑褐蚁根本不会照料它。
