Corti D, Kohler S L, Sparks Richard E
Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Aquatic Ecology, 607 E. Peabody, Champaign, IL 61820, USA, , , , , , US.
Illinois Natural History Survey, River Research Laboratory, Forbes Biological Station, P.O. Box 590, Havana, IL 62644, USA, , , , , , US.
Oecologia. 1996 Dec;109(1):154-165. doi: 10.1007/s004420050070.
The objective of this study was to determine if pond permanence and vertebrate predation (by fish and waterfowl) affect invertebrate community structure in the mudflat habitat of floodplain ponds. Invertebrate communities were studied for 1 year in four Mississippi River floodplain ponds with different hydroperiods. Pond 1 experienced five dry periods, pond 2 experienced four, pond 3 dried once, and standing water remained in pond 4 for the entire year. Vertebrate predator exclusion treatments (all access, no access, small-fish access and cage controls) were placed in all ponds. As pond duration increased, predatory invertebrate richness and abundance increased while overall invertebrate richness and abundance decreased. With the exception of the cladoceran Diaphanosoma, all commonly encountered taxa were strongly affected by pond permanence in terms of abundance, biomass and, generally, individual biomass. Taxa were nearly early divided between those that were more abundant in less permanent ponds and those that were more abundant in longer-duration ponds. Invertebrate taxa richness, abundance, and total biomass were lower in the all-access treatment than in the treatments that restricted predator access, and these effects were stronger in the more permanent ponds. In general, there were no significant differences in responses to the treatments with small-fish access and no access. These results support models that predict relatively weak effects of predation in frequently disturbed habitats.
本研究的目的是确定池塘永久性和脊椎动物捕食（鱼类和水禽造成的）是否会影响洪泛区池塘泥滩栖息地中的无脊椎动物群落结构。在四个具有不同水文周期的密西西比河洪泛区池塘中对无脊椎动物群落进行了为期一年的研究。池塘1经历了5次干涸期，池塘2经历了4次，池塘3干涸过1次，而池塘4全年都保持着积水。在所有池塘中设置了脊椎动物捕食者排除处理（全部可进入、不可进入、小型鱼类可进入和网箱对照）。随着池塘持续时间的增加，捕食性无脊椎动物的丰富度和数量增加，而无脊椎动物的总丰富度和数量减少。除了枝角类的透明薄皮溞外，所有常见的分类群在数量、生物量以及通常的个体生物量方面都受到池塘永久性的强烈影响。分类群几乎很早就被分为在较不稳定池塘中数量较多的和在持续时间较长池塘中数量较多的两类。在全部可进入处理中，无脊椎动物分类群的丰富度、数量和总生物量低于限制捕食者进入的处理，并且这些影响在更永久性的池塘中更强。总体而言，小型鱼类可进入和不可进入处理的反应没有显著差异。这些结果支持了预测在频繁受到干扰的栖息地中捕食作用相对较弱的模型。
