Weissberger Eric J
Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution and Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA e-mail:
Oecologia. 1999 May;119(3):461-466. doi: 10.1007/s004420050808.
A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether the sea star Asterias forbesi and the naticid gastropod Euspira heros feed on surfclams, Spisula solidissima, in an additive or non-additive manner. Predators were allowed to feed on clams with conspecifics and in the presence of the other predator species. Clam mortality (measured as the rate of decline of clam number) and predator feeding rates were noted. To determine the effects of temperature on interactions among the predators, the experiment was conducted at three different temperatures. At all temperatures, feeding rate of each predator was not affected by the presence of the other species, and clam mortality in the presence of both predators was predictable from mortality in the presence of a single predator species. These additive interactions are most likely a result of habitat partitioning between the predators, with naticid snails being infaunal and sea stars being epifaunal. Previous studies in a variety of systems show no clear pattern of occurrence of non-additive interactions. Relatively small differences in predator or prey behavior may be responsible for the presence or absence of non-additive interactions.
进行了一项实验室实验，以确定福布斯海盘车（Asterias forbesi）和织纹螺科腹足动物英雄织纹螺（Euspira heros）是否以累加或非累加的方式捕食厚壳蛤（Spisula solidissima）。让捕食者与同种个体一起以及在另一种捕食者物种存在的情况下取食蛤蜊。记录蛤蜊死亡率（以蛤蜊数量的下降速率衡量）和捕食者的取食率。为了确定温度对捕食者之间相互作用的影响，该实验在三种不同温度下进行。在所有温度下，每种捕食者的取食率不受其他物种存在的影响，并且在两种捕食者都存在时的蛤蜊死亡率可根据单一捕食者物种存在时的死亡率预测。这些累加相互作用很可能是捕食者之间栖息地划分的结果，织纹螺为底内动物，海盘车为底上动物。此前在各种系统中的研究未显示出非累加相互作用出现的明确模式。捕食者或猎物行为的相对较小差异可能导致非累加相互作用的存在或不存在。
