Porter Eric E, Hawkins Bradford A
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Fax: +1-714-824-2181; e-mail:
Oecologia. 1998 Aug;116(1-2):234-242. doi: 10.1007/s004420050584.
We used aphids (Aphidae) as a representative hemimetabolous host family to investigate patterns of parasitoid (Aphidiine) assemblage size. The aphidiine assemblages from 477 aphid species were used to estimate average assemblage size and the influence of eight ecological and taxonomic variables. Aphids species support an average of 1.7 aphidiine species. Aphid subfamily and invasion status (native or exotic) were the most important determinants of parasitoid richness, explaining 28% of the deviance in aphidiine assemblage size. Aphids within the largest aphid subfamily, the Aphidinae, support larger parasitoid assemblages than those in other subfamilies. Parasitoid diversity was also highest on exotic aphid hosts (within the Aphidinae) and on hosts in developed habitats (agricultural or urban), though the latter effect is weak. Patterns related to aphid food plant architecture were influenced by an interaction with aphid invasion status; parasitoid diversity drops with increasing architectural complexity on exotic aphids, whereas the diversities on native aphid hosts are similar on different plant types. Weak effects were also found for aphid food plant alternation (whether or not aphids switch hosts seasonally) and climate (annual range in temperature); alternating aphids support more parasitoids than non-alternating hosts, and parasitoid assemblage size is lowest in warm climates. Taxonomic isolation of aphids at the generic level showed no significant relationship with parasitoid diversity. Finally, in contrast to parasitoid assemblages on holometabolous hosts, sample size effects were weak for aphids, possibly due to the narrow host ranges of aphidiines.
我们以蚜虫（蚜科）作为代表性的渐变态宿主类群，来研究寄生蜂（蚜茧蜂亚科）组合大小的模式。利用来自477种蚜虫的蚜茧蜂亚科组合来估计平均组合大小以及八个生态和分类变量的影响。蚜虫物种平均支持1.7种蚜茧蜂物种。蚜虫亚科和入侵状态（本地或外来）是寄生蜂丰富度的最重要决定因素，解释了蚜茧蜂亚科组合大小差异的28%。最大的蚜虫亚科蚜亚科中的蚜虫，比其他亚科中的蚜虫支持更大的寄生蜂组合。寄生蜂多样性在外来蚜虫宿主（蚜亚科内）和发达生境（农业或城市）中的宿主上也最高，不过后一种影响较弱。与蚜虫食料植物结构相关的模式受到与蚜虫入侵状态相互作用的影响；外来蚜虫上，寄生蜂多样性随着结构复杂性增加而下降，而本地蚜虫宿主上，不同植物类型的多样性相似。在蚜虫食料植物交替（蚜虫是否季节性更换宿主）和气候（年温度范围）方面也发现了微弱影响；交替性蚜虫比非交替性宿主支持更多寄生蜂，且寄生蜂组合大小在温暖气候中最低。蚜虫在属级别的分类隔离与寄生蜂多样性无显著关系。最后，与全变态宿主上的寄生蜂组合不同，蚜虫的样本量影响较弱，这可能归因于蚜茧蜂亚科宿主范围狭窄。
