Wieser W, Schweizer G, Hartenstein R
Institut für Zoologie, Lehrkanzel für Tierphysiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Zoology, State University College of Forestry, Syracuse, New York.
Oecologia. 1969 Sep;3(3-4):390-400. doi: 10.1007/BF00390384.
In the fall and in early spring P. scaber and O. asellus released gaseous ammonia in the form of more or less regularly spaced bursts. In the spring about twice as much ammonia was released by O. asellus than in the fall. In late spring and summer, however, both species released ammonia in a rhythmic fashion, with a maximum at noon and early in the afternoon, and a minimum early at night. Sometimes a second maximum occurred late at night.In O. asellus the addition of a moist substrate to the reaction chamber shifted the maximum of the release of ammonia from noon to late night and early morning.Fed specimens of P. scaber released only about one-third as much NH as fasting animals and-at least in constant darkness-with a period of much reduced amplitude.It is concluded that the rhythmical release of ammonia is inversely related to the pattern of locomotory activity of these animals. This would implicate mechanisms that regulate either the production or the release of ammonia in such a way that the maximum occurs at a time when the animals' production of energy is at a minimum and when they are protected against loss of water by sitting in their moist retreats.
在秋季和早春时节，粗糙沼虾和普通钩虾会以或多或少有规律间隔的脉冲形式释放气态氨。春季，普通钩虾释放的氨量大约是秋季的两倍。然而，在春末和夏季，这两个物种都会有节奏地释放氨，中午和下午早些时候释放量最大，深夜释放量最小。有时深夜会出现第二个释放量峰值。在普通钩虾的反应室中添加潮湿基质后，氨释放的最大值从中午转移到了深夜和凌晨。喂食后的粗糙沼虾释放的氨量仅为禁食动物的三分之一左右，而且至少在持续黑暗的环境中，释放周期的幅度会大幅减小。研究得出结论，氨的节律性释放与这些动物的运动活动模式呈负相关。这意味着存在一些机制来调节氨的产生或释放，使得氨释放量最大时，动物的能量产生处于最低水平，并且它们通过躲在潮湿的藏身之处来防止水分流失。
