Beattie A J
Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 60201, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
Oecologia. 1976 Dec;25(4):291-300. doi: 10.1007/BF00345601.
The effect of pollinator activity on gene flow in colonies of Viola were examined by measuring pollinator flight distances, the frequency of interplant flights and percent pollination under different plant spacing patterns. Pollinator flight distances were directly proportional to spacing parameters while the frequency of interplant flights and percent pollination were inversely proportional to spacing parameters. These findings show that gene flow is reduced by pollinator activity over a wide range of spacing parameters but in populations with low spacing means highly localized gene exchange can occur within the colony. Isolation of colonies may be expected under these circumstaces and cleistogamy may be the optimal breeding system. However, chasmogamous flowers may be important both in promoting within-colony gene exchange and long distance between-colony gene exchange corresponding to the sexual functions proposed in several recent models. Viola colonies appear to be semi-isolated demes with pollinator service which can bring adaptive genes to high localized frequencies, but which maintains low frequency, long-distance gene dispersal. This pattern corresponds to the "Shifting Balance" view of evolution.
通过测量传粉者飞行距离、植株间飞行频率以及不同植株间距模式下的授粉百分比，研究了传粉者活动对堇菜属植物群体中基因流动的影响。传粉者飞行距离与间距参数成正比，而植株间飞行频率和授粉百分比与间距参数成反比。这些发现表明，在广泛的间距参数范围内，传粉者活动会减少基因流动，但在间距较小的群体中，高度局部化的基因交换可能会在群体内发生。在这些情况下，可能预期群体是隔离的，闭花受精可能是最佳的繁殖系统。然而，对应于最近几个模型中提出的性功能，开花受精花可能在促进群体内基因交换和群体间长距离基因交换方面都很重要。堇菜属植物群体似乎是具有传粉服务的半隔离种群，传粉服务可以使适应性基因达到高局部频率，但保持低频、长距离的基因扩散。这种模式与进化的“动态平衡”观点相符。
