Ineichen Hannes, Riesen-Willi Ursula, Fischer Jürg
Institute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
Oecologia. 1979 Jan;39(2):161-183. doi: 10.1007/BF00348066.
The development of Chironomus plumosus within the 4th larval instar was investigated under long day (18 h light/6 h dark) and short day (6/18) conditions at a temperature of 15°C. The state of the imaginal discs was the criterion of the state of development of the larvae.In general long day treatment induced subitaneous without delay development. Occasionally an endogenic developmental check, termed long day dormancy, occurred through long day treatment. Under long day conditions in the 4th larval instar only, the males developed faster on average than the females. The 4th larval instar was the most important in larval growth since about 80-85% of the maximum larval weight was formed during this period. By subitaneous development the weight of the larvae increased parallel to their respective development in both sexes.A developmental check, an oligopause, was induced by short day conditions. Its duration varied considerably but could last several months. In the majority of the larvae it ended spontaneously and metamorphosis began. The oligopause affected the imaginal disc phases 3-4 to 6. Under short day conditions the dormant larvae grew rapidly at first, but after some time their weights remained relatively constant, fluctuating only slightly around a mean value.When larvae of short day induced dormancy were placed under long day conditions, metamorphosis began immediately. Larvae kept individually developed more quickly than did those in a mass culture. A regulatory system of dormancy for Chironomus plumosus is proposed.
在15°C的温度下，于长日照（18小时光照/6小时黑暗）和短日照（6/18）条件下，对四龄摇蚊幼虫的发育进行了研究。成虫盘的状态作为幼虫发育状态的标准。一般来说，长日照处理会立即诱导幼虫迅速发育。偶尔，通过长日照处理会出现一种内源性发育停滞，称为长日照休眠。仅在四龄幼虫的长日照条件下，雄性幼虫平均发育速度比雌性幼虫快。四龄幼虫期是幼虫生长中最重要的阶段，因为在此期间形成了约80 - 85%的最大幼虫体重。通过迅速发育，幼虫体重随着各自的发育在两性中平行增加。短日照条件会诱导一种发育停滞，即寡休止期。其持续时间差异很大，但可能持续数月。在大多数幼虫中，它会自发结束并开始变态。寡休止期影响成虫盘的3 - 4至6阶段。在短日照条件下，处于休眠状态的幼虫起初生长迅速，但一段时间后其体重保持相对恒定，仅在平均值附近略有波动。当短日照诱导休眠的幼虫置于长日照条件下时，变态立即开始。单独饲养的幼虫比群体饲养的幼虫发育得更快。提出了一种摇蚊幼虫休眠的调节系统。
