Crowley Philip H
Morgan School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, 40506, Lexington, KY, USA.
Oecologia. 1978 Jan;35(2):185-195. doi: 10.1007/BF00344731.
Ecosystems distributed in space have an effective size, reflecting both their absolute size (extent) and their fine-scale physical structure (viscosity). In this paper, a general mathematical model of a predator-prey interaction is presented via the phase-plane graphs of Rosenzweig and MacArthur (1963) to show one reason why ecosystems of larger effective size should persist longer than smaller ones: oscillations of population densities tend to be displaced farther from extinction thresholds-even in spatially homogeneous systems. Experimental results obtained by Gause and Luckinbill with protozoa and Huffaker with mites are interpreted in this context.
分布在空间中的生态系统具有有效大小，这既反映了它们的绝对大小（范围），也反映了它们的精细尺度物理结构（粘性）。在本文中，通过罗森茨威格和麦克阿瑟（1963年）的相平面图，提出了一个捕食者 - 猎物相互作用的通用数学模型，以说明有效大小较大的生态系统比小生态系统持续时间更长的一个原因：种群密度的振荡往往会偏离灭绝阈值更远——即使在空间均匀的系统中也是如此。在此背景下，对高斯和勒金比尔用原生动物以及哈夫克用螨虫所获得的实验结果进行了解释。
