Conley Marsha Reeves
Department of Biology and Departmetn of Mathematics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
Oecologia. 1985 Aug;67(1):71-75. doi: 10.1007/BF00378453.
The influences of food supply and density on adult survival were examined in the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa rafaelana (Lycosidae), using manipulations of spider populations on eight 400 sq m experimental plots. A total of 110 adult spiders were captured, weighed, marked, and returned to their burrows during April-May 1983. Treatments of (1) food supplementation, (2) density reduction, (3) food supplementation combined with density reduction, and (4) no manipulation (control) were applied to the eight populations, and adult survival and reproduction were monitored during May-October 1983. Survival rates were higher for nonreproducing adult female populations with reduced density, and lower for nonreproducing females in populations with food supplementation. A pompilid wasp, Paracyphononyx funereus, was documented as a parasitoid of G. rafaelana, producing 50%-65% mortality in adult females during winter, and 4-5% mortality in adult females during summer. The observed survival responses were correlated with variations in predation, while parasitism did not appear to be strongly density-dependent.
通过对八个400平方米实验地块上的蜘蛛种群进行操控，研究了食物供应和密度对穴居狼蛛（Geolycosa rafaelana，狼蛛科）成年个体存活的影响。1983年4月至5月期间，共捕获110只成年蜘蛛，称重、标记后放回其洞穴。对这八个种群分别进行了以下处理：（1）补充食物，（2）降低密度，（3）补充食物并降低密度，（4）不进行操控（对照），并在1983年5月至10月期间监测成年个体的存活和繁殖情况。密度降低的未繁殖成年雌性种群的存活率较高，而补充食物的种群中未繁殖雌性的存活率较低。一种蛛蜂（Paracyphononyx funereus）被记录为G. rafaelana的寄生蜂，在冬季成年雌性个体中的死亡率为50%-65%，在夏季成年雌性个体中的死亡率为4%-5%。观察到的存活反应与捕食的变化相关，而寄生似乎并不强烈依赖于密度。
