Warwick R M
Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Natural Environment Research Council, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK.
Oecologia. 1981 Jan;51(3):318-325. doi: 10.1007/BF00540900.
Measurements of population growth, generation time, fecundity and respiration in laboratory culture have been made, in relation to temperature and salinity, for the nematode Diplolaimelloides bruciei Hopper, a species normally associated with decayed material of the marsh grass Spartina. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) is high: it is related to temperature between 5° and 25°C by a sigmoid function which is steepest between 10° and 15°C, and is maximum at 26‰ salinity. Generation time is related to temperature by a power function and is shortest at 26‰ salinity. The effect of temperature on generation time is consistent with other data for marine nematodes, and the steep slope of r against temperature is largely due to the marked effect of temperature on fecundity. A sex ratio of 2:1 in favour of males is maintained regardless of culture conditions or population density. Respiration increases exponentially with temperature between 5° and 25°C, with a very high Q (3.94), but is not affected by salinity. At 30°C respiration is no higher than at 25°C.A high and relatively stable production efficiency (P/A) is maintained between 10 and 30°C with a maximum of 87% at 15°C; there is a stable reproductive effort (Pr/A) of about 10%. At 5°C both these ratios are zero. Data for the harpacticoid copepod Tachidius discipes, derived from the literature, show that this too has a high and stable production efficiency, which may be a characteristic of meiofaunal species in general, but in this species efficiency is relatively high at 5°C. Many features of the energy balance in D. bruciei can be related to an opportunistic mode of life.
在实验室培养条件下，针对线虫双盘小杆线虫（Diplolaimelloides bruciei Hopper），测量了其种群增长、世代时间、繁殖力和呼吸作用，并研究了这些指标与温度和盐度的关系。该线虫通常与沼泽草米草属（Spartina）的腐烂物质有关。其内在增长率（r）很高：在5°C至25°C之间，它与温度呈S形函数关系，在10°C至15°C之间最为陡峭，在盐度为26‰时达到最大值。世代时间与温度呈幂函数关系，在盐度为26‰时最短。温度对世代时间的影响与其他海洋线虫的数据一致，r对温度的陡峭斜率主要是由于温度对繁殖力的显著影响。无论培养条件或种群密度如何，雄性与雌性的性别比均维持在2:1。呼吸作用在5°C至25°C之间随温度呈指数增长，具有非常高的Q值（3.94），但不受盐度影响。在30°C时，呼吸作用并不比25°C时高。在10°C至30°C之间维持着较高且相对稳定的生产效率（P/A），在15°C时最高可达87%；存在约10%的稳定繁殖努力（Pr/A）。在5°C时，这两个比率均为零。从文献中获取的猛水蚤类桡足动物盘状塔氏猛水蚤（Tachidius discipes）的数据表明，它也具有较高且稳定的生产效率，这可能是小型底栖动物物种的普遍特征，但在该物种中，效率在5°C时相对较高。双盘小杆线虫能量平衡的许多特征都与机会主义的生活方式有关。
