Loaring Jaimie M, Hebert Paul D N
Biology Department, Great Lakes Institute, University of Windsor, N9B 3P4, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Oecologia. 1981 Jan;51(2):162-168. doi: 10.1007/BF00540595.
Natural populations of Daphnia pulex that reproduce by obligate parthenogenesis include a number of clones. Studies on two common and two rare clones from southwestern Ontario revealed significant differences in their intrinsic rates of increase, competitive abilities, rates of ephippial egg production, and lifespans. Environmental factors such as temperature and food type had large inluences on the rate of increase of each clone. Differences in rates of increase among clones were most pronounced at temperatures higher than those encountered in nature. In general, the covariance of life history traits among clones was high. The outcome of competitive encounters between clones was deterministic and in most cases was unaffected by temperature. Clones with high rates of increase tended to be better competitors than those with low rates of increase.
通过专性孤雌生殖进行繁殖的蚤状溞自然种群包含许多克隆体。对来自安大略省西南部的两个常见克隆体和两个稀有克隆体的研究表明，它们在内在增长率、竞争能力、休眠卵产生率和寿命方面存在显著差异。温度和食物类型等环境因素对每个克隆体的增长率有很大影响。克隆体之间增长率的差异在高于自然环境温度时最为明显。一般来说，克隆体之间生活史特征的协方差很高。克隆体之间竞争遭遇的结果是确定性的，在大多数情况下不受温度影响。增长率高的克隆体往往比增长率低的克隆体更具竞争力。
