Gas exchange responses of Chesapeake Bay tidal marsh species under field and laboratory conditions.

Laboratory and field gas exchange measurements were made on C (Scirpus olneyi Gray) and C (Spartina patens (Ait.) Mahl., Distichlis spicata (L.) Green) species from an irregularly flooded tidal marsh on the Chesapeake Bay. Laboratory measurements were made on plants grown from root stocks that were transplanted to a greenhouse and grown under high light and high nutrient conditions. The two C species were similar in their laboratory gas exchange characteristics: both had higher net carbon exchange rates, higher mesophyll conductances, higher photosynthetic temperature optima and lower leaf conductances than the C species. The laboratory photosynthetic water use efficiency of the C species was approximately three times that of the C species.Field gas exchange responses of the above species were measured in situ a Chesapeake Bay tidal marsh. Despite differences in biological potential measured in the laboratory, all three species had similar in situ carbon exchange rates on a leaf area basis. On a dry weight basis, leaves of the two C species had about 1.4 times higher light saturated CO assimilation rates than the C species. Light saturation of CO exchange occurred at photosynthetic photon flux densities of 80 n Einstein cms, compared with 160 n Einstein cm s in the laboratory grown plants. Spartina patens and Scirpus olneyi had similar daily CO assimilation rates, but the daily transpiration rate of the C species was almost twice that of the C species. Spartina patens showed greater seasonal decrease in photosynthesis than Distichlis spicata and Scirpus olneyi. The two C grass species maintained higher mesophyll conductances and photosynthetic water use efficiencies than the C sedge.