Demographic variation in the Australian desert cassia under grazing pressure.

Demographic variation was examined in 3 populations of the Australian desert shrub Cassia nemophila which vary in their grazing histories. Age-specific life tables were constructed from 50 years of observations on mortality and recruitment at the Koonamore Vegetation Reserve in South Australia. Population projection matrix models were used to examine population responses to grazing pressure. The predicted population growth rates, reproductive values and stable age distributions are evaluated and compared with observed results. Grazing by sheep or rabbits, in high populations, prevents shrub recruitment and causes local population extinction. However, where protected from sheep and with low rabbit pressure, Cassia populations have increased. Current sheep grazing practices and rabbit population levels if continued will have a drastic affect on Cassia populations and other shrub species, and on the structure and composition of the Australian arid shrublands in general.