de Jong Tom J, Klinkhamer Peter G L
Department of Population Biology, Research group ecology of plants and their herbivores, University of Leiden, Kaiserstraat 63, 2311 GP, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Oecologia. 1985 Jan;65(2):153-160. doi: 10.1007/BF00379212.
It is shown that litter of flowering plants of Cirsium vulgare inhibits the growth of seedlings of the same species at concentrations as low as 0.4% (g litter/g soil). The inhibition of growth cannot be fully compensated by adding nutrients, which indicates that autotoxicity may occur. It must be concluded, however, from an analysis of the results that immobilization of nutrients by microorganisms is the main cause of growth reduction if litter is added to the soil. In a field experiment under nutrient rich conditions plant litter did not affect germination, survival or growth of seedlings. The hypothesis is put forward that under conditions of nutrient deficiency and at high population densities, immobilization of nitrogen by Cirsium vulgare litter may influence plant growth. Results are discussed in relation to those of Stachon and Zimdahl (1980) and Wilson (1981) who claimed allelopathy for the related Cirsium arvense.
研究表明，高达0.4%（克凋落物/克土壤）的浓度下，普通蓟开花植物的凋落物会抑制同一物种幼苗的生长。添加养分并不能完全补偿生长抑制，这表明可能发生了自毒作用。然而，从结果分析中必须得出结论，如果向土壤中添加凋落物，微生物对养分的固定是生长减少的主要原因。在营养丰富条件下的田间试验中，植物凋落物不影响种子萌发、存活或幼苗生长。有人提出假说，在营养缺乏和高种群密度条件下，普通蓟凋落物对氮的固定可能影响植物生长。本文将结合Stachon和Zimdahl（1980年）以及Wilson（1981年）的研究结果进行讨论，他们认为相关的田蓟存在化感作用。
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