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论海洋小型底栖生物对底栖生物群落的重要性。

On the importance of marine meiofauna for benthos communities.

作者信息

Gerlach S A

机构信息

Institut für Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany (FRG).

出版信息

Oecologia. 1971 Jan;6(2):176-190. doi: 10.1007/BF00345719.

DOI:10.1007/BF00345719
PMID:28310761
Abstract
  1. In sublittoral sediments of silty sand live about 55000-1300000 meiofauna animals, which is a minimum figure because methods are not absolutely efficient. 2. Meiofauna biomass ranges from 0.2 to 2.0 g wet weight in sublittoral silty sand, that is about 3% of macrofauna biomass. 3. A higher percentage of meiofauna biomass is recorded from brackish water regions, intertidal beaches and from the deep sea, where meiofauna and macrofauna biomass are of the same magnitude. 4. Oxygen consumption in meiofauna animals is between 200 and 2000, in small macrofauna between 200 and 500, and in larger macrofauna between 10 and 100 mm O/h/g wet weight. 5. The assumption is forwarded that in general meiofauna has a metabolism five times more active than that of macrofauna. 6. Generation time in meiofauna lasts from a few days as was observed in cultures, to one or a few years, as was observed in natural populations. For a generalization the guess is forwarded that three generations per year would be an average meiofauna value. 7. Life cycle turnover rate as calculated from life cycle models of two nematodes is 2.2-3. Multiplied by three annual generations results in an average annual turnover rate of about 9 for meiobenthos, which is about five times more than that in macrobenthos. 8. If one compares meiobenthos and macrobenthos, meiobenthos importance in terms of food consumed and in terms of biomass provided for the food chain is 15% in a community like sublittoral silty sand, although meiobenthos in terms of standing stock is just 3% of macrobenthos.
摘要
  1. 在粉砂质砂的潮下带沉积物中生活着约55000 - 1300000只小型底栖动物,这是个最低数字,因为相关方法并非绝对有效。2. 在潮下带粉砂质砂中,小型底栖动物的生物量在湿重0.2至2.0克之间,约为大型底栖动物生物量的3%。3. 在咸淡水区域、潮间带海滩以及深海中,小型底栖动物生物量的百分比更高,在这些地方小型底栖动物和大型底栖动物的生物量相当。4. 小型底栖动物的耗氧量在200至2000之间,小型大型底栖动物的耗氧量在200至500之间,而大型大型底栖动物的耗氧量在10至100立方毫米氧/小时/克湿重之间。5. 有人提出这样的假设,一般来说小型底栖动物的新陈代谢比大型底栖动物活跃五倍。6. 小型底栖动物的世代时间从培养中观察到的几天到自然种群中观察到的一年或几年不等。为了进行概括,有人猜测每年三代是小型底栖动物的平均值。7. 根据两种线虫的生命周期模型计算出的生命周期周转率为2.2 - 3。乘以每年三代,小型底栖生物的年平均周转率约为9,这大约是大型底栖生物的五倍。8. 如果比较小型底栖生物和大型底栖生物,在潮下带粉砂质砂这样的群落中,就消耗的食物和为食物链提供的生物量而言,小型底栖生物的重要性为15%,尽管小型底栖生物的现存生物量仅为大型底栖生物的3%。

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Oecologia. 1969 Jul;3(1):56-69. doi: 10.1007/BF00344633.
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The effects of meiofauna on settling macrofauna: meiofauna may structure macrofaunal communities.小型底栖动物对大型底栖动物定居的影响:小型底栖动物可能会构建大型底栖动物群落结构。
Oecologia. 1983 Sep;59(2-3):163-166. doi: 10.1007/BF00378833.
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The mucus-trap hypothesis on feeding of aquatic nematodes and implications for biodegradation and sediment texture.水生线虫摄食的黏液捕获假说及其对生物降解和沉积物质地的影响
Oecologia. 1978 Jan;34(1):75-88. doi: 10.1007/BF00346242.
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Food-chain relationships in subtidal silty sand marine sediments and the role of meiofauna in stimulating bacterial productivity.潮下带粉质砂质海洋沉积物中的食物链关系以及小型底栖动物在刺激细菌生产力方面的作用。
Oecologia. 1978 Jan;33(1):55-69. doi: 10.1007/BF00376996.
9
Respiration of an interstitial ciliate and benthic energy relationships.一种间质纤毛虫的呼吸与底栖生物能量关系
Oecologia. 1974 Dec;16(4):259-264. doi: 10.1007/BF00344736.
10
An energy budget for the free-living nematode Pelodera (Rhabditidae).自由生活线虫佩洛德拉(小杆科)的能量预算。
Oecologia. 1974 Sep;16(3):237-252. doi: 10.1007/BF00345886.