Bogdan K G, Gilbert J J
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 03755, Hanover, NH, USA.
Oecologia. 1987 Jun;72(3):331-340. doi: 10.1007/BF00377560.
The abilities of some zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans, copepods) to ingest different sizes and kinds of food cells were quantified by determining the relative efficiencies with which they ingested nine tracer-cell types, ranging from a coccoid bacterium (0.45 μm) to the alga Cryptomonas erosa (800-920 μm). These efficiencies were obtained by dividing the clearance rate of each zooplankton group (species population, developmental stage or size class of a species population) on each P-labeled cell type by that of a simultaneously-offered, P-labeled, standard cell type - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Similarities of efficiency patterns on these cell types (food niches) between all possible pairs of the 17 zooplankton groups from 4 ecosystems were determined by calculating correlation coefficients. Although the utilization of the tested cell types may vary greatly within a species, three feeding guilds could be distinguished - based primarily on the efficiencies with which the smallest cell types were ingested. Guild I (Poyarthra vulgaris, Keratella crassa, Diaptomus minutus nauplii) ate the smallest cells (<4 μm diameter) (bacterium, Synechococcus, Nannochloris) and Ankistrodesmus very ineffifently but the three Cryptomonas species very efficiently. Guild II (Bosmina longirostris, D. minutus copepodites and Adults) had higher efficiencies on Synechococcus, Nannochloris, Ankistrodesmus, Stichococcus, and Stephanodiscus than guild I but similarly low ones on the bacterium and high ones on the Cryptomonas species. Guild III (Conochilus inicornis, Keratella cochlearis, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, Diaphanosoma leuchtembergianum) differed from guilds I and II in having uniformly high efficiencies on all the small cells as well ad the larger ones. Principal component analysis of the matrix of correlation coefficients provided objective confirmation of the three guilds and provided a visual representation of the food niches of the 17 zooplankton groups in 3-dimensional space.
通过测定某些浮游动物（轮虫、枝角类、桡足类）摄取9种示踪细胞类型的相对效率，对它们摄取不同大小和种类食物细胞的能力进行了量化，这些示踪细胞类型从小球藻细菌（0.45微米）到隐藻（800 - 920微米）不等。这些效率是通过将每个浮游动物组（物种种群、发育阶段或物种种群的大小类别）对每种P标记细胞类型的清除率除以同时提供的P标记标准细胞类型莱茵衣藻的清除率而获得的。通过计算相关系数，确定了来自4个生态系统的17个浮游动物组所有可能配对之间在这些细胞类型（食物生态位）上的效率模式的相似性。尽管在一个物种内对测试细胞类型的利用可能有很大差异，但主要基于摄取最小细胞类型的效率，可以区分出三个摄食类群。第一类群（普通波水蚤、粗壮龟甲轮虫、小型哲水蚤无节幼体）摄取最小的细胞（直径<4微米）（细菌、聚球藻、微绿球藻）和纤细角星鼓藻的效率很低，但摄取三种隐藻的效率很高。第二类群（长额象鼻溞、小型哲水蚤桡足幼体和成体）对聚球藻、微绿球藻、纤细角星鼓藻、杆状藻和辐节藻的摄取效率高于第一类群，但对细菌的摄取效率同样较低，对隐藻的摄取效率较高。第三类群（角突臂尾轮虫、螺形龟甲轮虫、方形网纹溞、透明薄皮溞）与第一和第二类群的不同之处在于，它们对所有小细胞以及较大细胞的摄取效率都始终很高。对相关系数矩阵进行主成分分析，为这三个类群提供了客观验证，并在三维空间中直观呈现了17个浮游动物组的食物生态位。
