Mindell D P, Albuquerque J L B, White C M
G.S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Dept. of Zoology, Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv, Israel.
Dept. of Zoology, Brigham Young Univ., 84602, Provo, UT, USA.
Oecologia. 1987 Jun;72(3):382-388. doi: 10.1007/BF00377568.
We investigated differences in annual breeding population stability and its relationship to diversity in food habits for several species of raptors. Chi-square tests showed no significant differences between observed and expected (based on logistic growth equation) breeding population sizes for Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) during recovery from pesticide induced declines in 4 Alaskan populations. This indicates that no major Peregrine Falcon population fluctuations occurred aside from the recovery itself. On the Colville River, Alaska, Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) and Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) breeding populations experienced several declines and increases during the Peregrine Falcon recovery. Serial correlation analysis does not indicate consistent regularity in fluctuation for either the Rough-legged Hawk or Gyrfalcon on the Colville River during 1967-1985. Possible occurrence of regular fluctuations in sub-populations or over shorter time periods, however, could not be investigated. Population fluctuations for the Rough-legged Hawk and Gyrfalcon are significantly correlated during 1971-1985, with largest declines for both occurring synchronously. This correlation is consistent with the possibility that shared environmental stresses, among other factors, are responsible for population limitation. Regularity, with a 3 year interval, is indicated, however, for extremely small fluctuations in an Idaho, USA population of the Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), suggesting that investigations of raptor population fluctuation and regelarity should not be limited to arctic or subarctic environments. Low diversity in food habits is not a good predictor of degree of annual population fluctuation in the study groups, while greater diversity in food habits is associated with relatively stable annual populations. An association was found in the Rought-legged Hawk between reduced annual population variability and reduced climatic severity. Neither food habits diversity nor annual population variability is constant across species ranges. Food habits diversity was also variable between years in local populations of Peregrine Falcon, Rough-legged Hawk and Gyrfalcon.
我们研究了几种猛禽的年度繁殖种群稳定性差异及其与食性多样性的关系。卡方检验表明，在阿拉斯加4个种群中，游隼（Falco peregrinus）从农药导致的数量下降中恢复期间，观察到的繁殖种群规模与预期（基于逻辑增长方程）的繁殖种群规模之间没有显著差异。这表明除了恢复过程本身外，游隼种群没有发生重大波动。在阿拉斯加的科尔维尔河，毛脚鹰（Buteo lagopus）和矛隼（F. rusticolus）的繁殖种群在游隼恢复期间经历了几次下降和增长。序列相关性分析并未表明1967 - 1985年期间科尔维尔河上的毛脚鹰或矛隼的波动具有一致的规律性。然而，亚种群中或更短时间段内可能出现的规律性波动无法进行研究。1971 - 1985年期间，毛脚鹰和矛隼的种群波动显著相关，两者的最大降幅同时出现。这种相关性与共享环境压力等因素导致种群受限的可能性一致。然而，美国爱达荷州红尾鹰（Buteo jamaicensis）种群的极小波动显示出以3年为间隔的规律性，这表明对猛禽种群波动和规律性的研究不应局限于北极或亚北极环境。食性多样性低并不能很好地预测研究组年度种群波动程度，而食性多样性高与相对稳定的年度种群相关。在毛脚鹰中发现年度种群变异性降低与气候严酷程度降低之间存在关联。食性多样性和年度种群变异性在物种分布范围内都不是恒定的。游隼、毛脚鹰和矛隼当地种群的食性多样性在不同年份之间也存在变化。
