Tanaka Seiji
Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Oecologia. 1986 Jun;69(3):388-394. doi: 10.1007/BF00377061.
Two species of ground crickets, Allonemobius fasciatus (from Corvallis, 44.3 N) and A. socius (from Gainesville, 30.3 N), and their hybrids were compared for nymphal development, wing form, and embryonic diapause. A. fasciatus matured more rapidly at a short photoperiod than at a long photoperiod and also than A. socius which showed no developmental response to photoperiod. The proportion of long-winged forms varied with nymphal photoperiod greatly in A. fasciatus but slightly in A. socius. A. fasciatus laid only diapause eggs, while A. socius responded to a long parental photoperiod and a high incubation temperature by averting diapause. A. fasciatus showed temperature-dependent shift of the diapause stage butA. socius entered diapause only at the early stage. These differences are related to their voltinism and distribution.Reciprocal crosses between the two species produced viable hybrids. In development rate, female hybrids were intermediate between their parents while male hybrids were closer to their mothers, suggesting that the development rate is controlled primarily by the X chromosome. Overdominance occurred in wing form; reciprocal crosses produced either higher or lower proportions of long-winged forms than their parents. Diapause of F1 hybrid embryos was determined only by the female parent and the paternal effect appeared in F2 embryos.
对两种地蟋，即条纹异距蟋（来自科瓦利斯，北纬44.3°）和社交异距蟋（来自盖恩斯维尔，北纬30.3°）及其杂交后代进行了若虫发育、翅型和胚胎滞育方面的比较。条纹异距蟋在短光照周期下比在长光照周期下成熟得更快，也比社交异距蟋成熟得快，社交异距蟋对光照周期没有发育反应。条纹异距蟋中长翅型的比例随若虫光照周期变化很大，而社交异距蟋中则变化很小。条纹异距蟋只产滞育卵，而社交异距蟋通过避免滞育来响应长的亲代光照周期和高孵化温度。条纹异距蟋表现出滞育阶段的温度依赖性转变，而社交异距蟋仅在早期进入滞育。这些差异与它们的化性和分布有关。这两个物种之间的正反交产生了可存活的杂交后代。在发育速度上，雌性杂交后代介于其双亲之间，而雄性杂交后代更接近其母亲，这表明发育速度主要由X染色体控制。在翅型方面出现了超显性现象；正反交产生的长翅型比例要么高于要么低于其亲本。F1杂交胚胎的滞育仅由母本决定，父本效应出现在F2胚胎中。
