Walker Thomas J
Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, Florida.
Oecologia. 1980 Dec;47(3):291-298. doi: 10.1007/BF00398519.
Eggs of field crickets (Gryllus spp.) held at 25±1°C hatch in 2-4 weeks ("fast-developing" eggs) or 5-28 weeks (diapause eggs). Most species lay but one type: at least 10 species lay only fast-developing eggs, and pennsylvanicus and ovisopis lay only diapause eggs. Gryllus firmus from Gainesville, Florida, lays both types, and individual females do so for as long as 8 weeks. The proportion of diapause eggs laid weekly by captive females exposed to outdoor photoperiods and temperatures varies seasonally from <5% (March-June) to ca. 50% (November-December). At outdoor temperatures in late fall some eggs that are presumptively fast-developing (at 25° C) enter diapause.Some firmus from Carolina Beach, North Carolina, lay both diapause and fast-developing eggs. Outdoor rearing experiments established that spring adults could result from fast-developing eggs of fall adults, refuting the hypothesis that spring and fall adults at that locality represent temporally isolated demes.High variance in hatching times for eggs laid by one female is appropriate to the unpredictable extremes of moisture and temperature that occur in the open, sandy habitats of G. firmus. Physiological mechanisms of the mixed oviposition and specific environmental determinants of the varying proportions are unknown.
在25±1°C条件下饲养的田野蟋蟀（Gryllus spp.）卵，2 - 4周孵化（“快速发育”卵）或5 - 28周孵化（滞育卵）。大多数种类只产一种类型的卵：至少10种只产快速发育卵，而宾夕法尼亚蟋蟀和ovisopis只产滞育卵。来自佛罗里达州盖恩斯维尔的强壮蟋蟀（Gryllus firmus）则产两种类型的卵，而且单个雌虫可长达8周都产两种卵。暴露于室外光周期和温度下的圈养雌虫每周产的滞育卵比例随季节变化，从<5%（3月至6月）到约50%（11月至12月）。在深秋的室外温度下，一些推测为（在25°C时）快速发育的卵进入滞育状态。北卡罗来纳州卡罗来纳海滩的一些强壮蟋蟀也产滞育卵和快速发育卵。室外饲养实验表明，秋季成虫的快速发育卵能产生春季成虫，这反驳了该地区春季和秋季成虫代表时间上隔离的种群这一假设。一只雌虫所产卵孵化时间的高变异性，与强壮蟋蟀在开阔沙地栖息地中出现的不可预测的极端湿度和温度情况相适应。混合产卵的生理机制以及不同比例的特定环境决定因素尚不清楚。
