Woodward F I
Department of Botany, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EA, Cambridge, UK.
Oecologia. 1986 Nov;70(4):580-586. doi: 10.1007/BF00379908.
Observations have been made on the gas exchange and morphology of Vaccinium myrtillus taken from altitudes of 200 m, 610 m and 1,100 m along an altitudinal gradient in central Scotland. Under saturating irradiance, optimum temperatures and a range of vapour pressure deficits, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with the altitude of origin of the populations. Correlated with these increases was an increase in the adaxial stomatal density with altitude. This response to altitude could be simulated in controlled conditions, by growing plants in a CO concentration below ambient, similar to that expected at altitude.Plant height decreased with altitude, a feature which was maintained in cultivation. Stem rigidity declined with altitude, in a manner which is predicted to limit the reproductive capacity of the population from 1,100 m in high wind speeds.Total leaf nitrogen increased with altitude. The nitrogen economy of the shoot is discussed in terms of nitrogen availability for stems and leaves and its control over maximum rates of photosynthesis, competitive ability and reproductive capacity.
对苏格兰中部沿海拔梯度采集的来自200米、610米和1100米海拔高度的欧洲越橘的气体交换和形态进行了观测。在饱和辐照度、最适温度和一系列蒸汽压亏缺条件下，光合速率和气孔导度随种群起源海拔的升高而增加。与此增加相关的是，近轴面气孔密度随海拔升高而增加。通过在低于环境浓度的CO₂浓度下种植植物，类似于在高海拔预期的浓度，可以在受控条件下模拟这种对海拔的响应。株高随海拔降低，这一特征在栽培中得以保持。茎的硬度随海拔下降，其下降方式预计会限制来自1100米海拔种群在高风速下的繁殖能力。叶片总氮含量随海拔增加。从茎和叶的氮可用性及其对最大光合速率、竞争能力和繁殖能力的控制方面讨论了枝条的氮经济性。
