Olson Deanna H, Blaustein Andrew R, O'Hara Richard K
Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, 97331-2914, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Oecologia. 1986 Oct;70(3):351-356. doi: 10.1007/BF00379496.
Breeding ecology and mating patterns of the western toad, Bufo boreas, were examined in three large explosively breeding populations in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Two mating patterns occurred variably within and among the three populations. First, a large male mating advantage was observed in two of the three populations when data from all the days of data collection were combined. When each day of breeding was analyzed separately, there was a large male mating advantage on 3 of 5 days at one population, and mating was random on all days at the two other populations. The second mating pattern, positive assortative mating by size, was observed at two of the three populations. This pattern was found on separate days of breeding as well as when data from all days were combined at one population, and on only one day of breeding at the second population.In a survey of anuran amphibian mating patterns, intraspecific variation was found in 13 of 15 species, including the present study of the western toad. Intrapopulation variation in mating patterns among breeding years has been observed in 5 of 8 anurans, whereas within-site, within-year mating pattern variation has only been reported for the western toad. These results strongly suggest that anuran mating patterns are frequently neither species-specific nor population-specific attributes. Variable mating patterns were most commonly observed in explosively-breeding anurans. Explosive breeders may be susceptible to variable mating patterns because they may be more sensitive to fluctuations in environmental conditions, demographic parameters, and the intensities of intrasexual competition and mate choice.
在俄勒冈喀斯喀特山脉的三个大型爆发性繁殖种群中，对西部蟾蜍（Bufo boreas）的繁殖生态和交配模式进行了研究。在这三个种群内部和之间，出现了两种不同的交配模式。首先，当将所有数据收集日的数据合并时，在三个种群中的两个种群中观察到了大型雄性的交配优势。当分别分析每天的繁殖情况时，在一个种群的5天中有3天出现了大型雄性的交配优势，而在另外两个种群中，所有日子的交配都是随机的。第二种交配模式是按体型进行正选型交配，在三个种群中的两个种群中观察到了这种模式。这种模式在不同的繁殖日出现，并且在一个种群中当合并所有日子的数据时也出现了，在第二个种群中只在一天的繁殖中出现。在一项对无尾两栖动物交配模式的调查中，在15个物种中有13个发现了种内变异，包括本研究中的西部蟾蜍。在8种无尾两栖动物中，有5种观察到了繁殖年份之间交配模式的种群内变异，而仅针对西部蟾蜍报道了地点内、年份内的交配模式变异。这些结果有力地表明，无尾两栖动物的交配模式通常既不是物种特异性的，也不是种群特异性的属性。可变的交配模式在爆发性繁殖的无尾两栖动物中最为常见。爆发性繁殖者可能容易出现可变的交配模式，因为它们可能对环境条件、种群参数以及同性竞争和配偶选择强度的波动更为敏感。
