Water relations of the root hemiparasite Olax phyllanthi (Labill) R.Br. (Olacaceae) and its multiple hosts.

Water relations of the root hemiparasite Olax phyllanthi were compared with those of its major species of hosts in natural habitat in coastal heath near Denmark, SW Australia. Leaf water potentials of Olax during winter were 0.4 to 1.4 MPa lower (more negative) than those of all (29) non parasitic host species examined. During the dry summer months (January to March), shallow-rooted hosts developed water potentials up to 3 MPa lower than those of Olax, and were accordingly rated as no longer accessible as a source of water to the hemiparasite. By contrast, deep-rooted hosts, with access to the water table, showed water potentials less negative than Olax, and haustorial contacts retained with these apparently enabled continued extraction of water and nutrients throughout the summer. Three other species of root hemiparasites parasitized by Olax, but not themselves parasitizing Olax, showed leaf water potentials throughout the year very close to, and mostly slightly more negative than those of Olax. Nocturnal measurements of leaf water potential in winter (July and August) in soil at field capacity (water potential -0.006 MPa) showed maintenance of a 0.5-0.8 MPa potential difference between Olax and a range of common host species. By dawn most hosts had equilibrated with the water potential of the soil, whereas both exposed and bagged Olax plants recorded potentials of -0.8 MPa. Daytime rates of transpiration and photosynthesis of Olax were less than those of a range of common hosts, but water use efficiencies were not consistently different between hemiparasite and hosts. This was reflected in almost identical mean values for carbon isotope ratio (C/C) between Olax (mean δ value -27.0) and thirteen frequently exploited hosts (δ value -27.1). The results are discussed in relation to published information on other angiosperm hemiparasites.