Ueno O, Takeda T
Department of Applied Physiology, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, 305, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki, Japan.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 804, Fukuoka, Japan.
Oecologia. 1992 Feb;89(2):195-203. doi: 10.1007/BF00317218.
The nature of the photosynthetic pathways of Cyperaceae found in Japan were investigated on the basis of Kranz anatomy, the CO compensation concentration and previously reported data. Among 301 species (96% of all cyperaceous species recorded in the region), 58 species were classified as being C plants. These C species were scattered among the tribes Fimbristylideae, Lipocarpheae, Cypereae and Rhynchosporeae in the subfamily Cyperoideae. The genera Cyperus, Eleocharis and Rhynchospora included, in Japan, both C and C species within a single genus. Using these data, an analysis was made of the ecological characteristics and geographical distribution of the C and C species in Japan. Although cyperaceous species grow in markedly different environments, the majority were found in wet and aquatic areas (61%) or shaded areas, such as forest floors (20%). Most of the C species were also hygrophytes (58%) and forest-living species (25%), and C species growing in mesic and dry areas were relatively rare. The C species inhabited wet and aquatic (75%), mesic (13%) and dry areas (6%) and showed marked ecological characteristics with respect to soil-moisture conditions, unlike other C plants, although they were absent from shaded habitats. In order to determine the climatic factors that influence the relative floristic abundance of C and C members of the Cyperaceae in Japan, the ratios of number of C species to the total number of members of Cyperaceae (C percentage) in 16 representative locales were examined in terms of various climatic variables. There were strong positive correlations between the C percentage and temperature. Among the C groups of three subfamilies, there were different distributional trends for various temperature regimes. The C subfamily Caricoideae increased its relative contribution to the cyperaceous flora with a decrease in mean annual temperature, while the C subfamily Sclerioideae exhibited the opposite pattern. The C group of the subfamily Cyperoideae did not show any marked change in pattern along temperature gradients, unlike the two other C subfamilies, and seemed to be heterogeneous in terms of its response to temperature. The relationships between the C biochemical subtypes and ecological characteristics are also discussed.
基于花环解剖结构、二氧化碳补偿浓度及先前报道的数据，对日本莎草科植物光合途径的性质进行了研究。在301个物种（占该地区记录的所有莎草科物种的96%）中，58个物种被归类为C₄植物。这些C₄物种散布在莎草亚科的飘拂草族、湖瓜草族、莎草族和刺子莞族中。在日本，莎草属、荸荠属和刺子莞属在一个属内既有C₃物种也有C₄物种。利用这些数据，对日本C₃和C₄物种的生态特征和地理分布进行了分析。尽管莎草科物种生长在明显不同的环境中，但大多数生长在湿润和水生区域（61%）或阴凉区域，如森林地面（20%）。大多数C₃物种也是水生植物（58%）和生长在森林中的物种（25%），生长在中生和干旱地区的C₃物种相对较少。C₄物种栖息在湿润和水生区域（75%）、中生区域（13%）和干旱区域（6%），并且在土壤湿度条件方面表现出明显的生态特征，这与其他C₄植物不同，尽管它们不出现在阴凉生境中。为了确定影响日本莎草科C₃和C₄成员相对植物区系丰度的气候因素，根据各种气候变量，对16个代表性地点的C₄物种数量与莎草科成员总数的比率（C₄百分比）进行了研究。C₄百分比与温度之间存在很强的正相关。在三个亚科的C₄类群中，不同温度条件下有不同的分布趋势。苔草亚科随着年平均温度的降低，其对莎草科植物区系的相对贡献增加；而针蔺亚科则呈现相反的模式。与其他两个C₄亚科不同，莎草亚科的C₄类群在沿温度梯度的模式上没有显示出任何明显变化，并且在对温度的响应方面似乎是异质的。还讨论了C₄生化亚型与生态特征之间的关系。
