Caravello H E, Cameron G N
Department of Biology, University of Houston, 77004, Houston, TX, USA.
Oecologia. 1987 Apr;72(1):123-126. doi: 10.1007/BF00385055.
Schoener (1971) proposed that the reproductive demands of animals should be important in shaping their foraging behavior because fitness is affected. He defined two forager types: energy maximizers (reproductive success depends on energetic intake) and time minimizers (reproductive success depends on time spent in activities other than foraging), and suggested that females most often illustrate the former and males the latter. We tested whether mating activities influence the foraging behavior of Uca panacea, and the predictions that females would be energy maximizers because of their reproductive strategy and that males would also be energy maximizers because of their courtship activity. Time allocated to foraging by 800 male and female fiddler crabs (at two sites) was quantified; no significant difference in foraging time was found between the sexes. Both male and female crabs allotted a large portion of their time to foraging because both sexes depend on stored energy during their reproductive bouts. Our results show that the particular forager type can be predicted based on reproductive demands, but a forager type can not always be assigned to a particular sex without consideration of all important ecological and physiological factors determining reproductive success.
舍纳（1971年）提出，动物的繁殖需求在塑造其觅食行为方面应具有重要意义，因为适合度会受到影响。他定义了两种觅食者类型：能量最大化者（繁殖成功取决于能量摄入）和时间最小化者（繁殖成功取决于在觅食以外活动上花费的时间），并指出雌性通常表现为前者，而雄性表现为后者。我们测试了交配活动是否会影响泛全招潮蟹的觅食行为，以及基于雌性因其繁殖策略会是能量最大化者，而雄性因其求偶活动也会是能量最大化者这一预测。对800只雌雄招潮蟹（在两个地点）用于觅食的时间进行了量化；未发现两性之间在觅食时间上有显著差异。雄性和雌性招潮蟹都将大部分时间用于觅食，因为两性在繁殖期间都依赖储存的能量。我们的研究结果表明，可以根据繁殖需求预测特定的觅食者类型，但在不考虑所有决定繁殖成功的重要生态和生理因素的情况下，不能总是将一种觅食者类型归属于某一特定性别。
