Sandell M, Agrell J, Erlinge S, Nelson J
Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology, University of Lund, Ecology Building, S-22362, Lund, Sweden.
Oecologia. 1991 Apr;86(2):153-158. doi: 10.1007/BF00317525.
Using mark-recapture data, we related the movements of adult field voles to population density, sex ratio and population growth. Dispersal movements (defined as distances larger than 1 home range diameter) were few in both sexes; 4 out of 197 (2.0%) in males and 8 of 316 (2.5%) in females. The distance moved between sequential trapping periods was similar for males and females; the mean being 10.2 m and 9.0 m respectively. Both males and females moved larger distances during the breeding season than during the nonbreeding period. The distance moved between sequential trapping periods showed a strong negative relation to density, i.e. both sexes moved shorter distances at higher densities, but there were no differences between periods of increasing and declining population densities. These results contradict the dispersal predictions of all major hypotheses proposed to explain population fluctuations in small mammals. The dispersal patterns fit a geometric distribution, suggesting that competition is the primary factor determining the dispersal characteristics of this population.
利用标记重捕数据，我们将成年田鼠的活动与种群密度、性别比例和种群增长联系起来。扩散活动（定义为距离大于1个巢区直径）在两性中都很少见；雄性197只中有4只（2.0%），雌性316只中有8只（2.5%）。在连续诱捕期之间移动的距离，雄性和雌性相似；平均分别为10.2米和9.0米。雄性和雌性在繁殖季节移动的距离都比非繁殖期长。在连续诱捕期之间移动的距离与密度呈强烈负相关，即两性在较高密度下移动的距离较短，但在种群密度增加和下降时期之间没有差异。这些结果与为解释小型哺乳动物种群波动而提出的所有主要假说的扩散预测相矛盾。扩散模式符合几何分布，表明竞争是决定该种群扩散特征的主要因素。
