So Ping-Man, Takafuji Akio
Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606, Kyoto, Japan.
Oecologia. 1992 May;90(2):270-275. doi: 10.1007/BF00317185.
Diapause characteristics of nine local populations of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) occurring on rose in central Japan were investigated. The percentage of females that entered diapause at 18° C and 9L: 15D photoperiod ranged between 0 and 77%. In addition, both photoperiodic and temperature responses varied widely among these populations. We suggest that temperature response might be a better trait than photoperiodic response for selection among local populations. Females in diapause survived -24° C better than those that were not. However, no difference in cold hardiness among these populations was found. The mite responded rapidly to artificial selection for low and high diapause percentage. The response was asymmetrical, being easier in the direction of low diapause percentage. Reciprocal and back crosses using selected low and high diapause percentage cultures showed that the genetic control of diapause was complicated. Neither the "lowdiapause" nor the "high-diapause" trait dominated over the other. However, the "low-diapause" trait seemed to be stronger. The results of this study suggest that variation in diapause response is maintained by (1) adaptation to local environments and (2) the complexity of the genetics of diapause. Such variation may provide the genetic raw material for natural selection and is a prerequisite for the extension of ecological range.
对日本中部玫瑰上出现的9个二斑叶螨本地种群（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）的滞育特性进行了研究。在18℃和9小时光照：15小时黑暗光周期下进入滞育的雌螨比例在0%至77%之间。此外，这些种群之间的光周期和温度反应差异很大。我们认为，在本地种群的选择中，温度反应可能比光周期反应是更好的特征。滞育雌螨比未滞育的雌螨在-24℃下存活得更好。然而，未发现这些种群之间的抗寒能力有差异。螨对低滞育率和高滞育率的人工选择反应迅速。这种反应是不对称的，在低滞育率方向上更容易。使用选定的低滞育率和高滞育率培养物进行正反交和回交表明，滞育的遗传控制很复杂。“低滞育”和“高滞育”性状都不占主导地位。然而，“低滞育”性状似乎更强。本研究结果表明，滞育反应的变异是由（1）对当地环境的适应和（2）滞育遗传学的复杂性维持的。这种变异可能为自然选择提供遗传原材料，并且是生态范围扩展的先决条件。
