Pettersson Lars B, Brönmark Christer
Department of Ecology, University of Lund, Ecology Building, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
Oecologia. 1993 Sep;95(3):353-357. doi: 10.1007/BF00320988.
The influence of hunger level and predation risk on habitat choice and foraging in crucian carp, Carassius carassius, were studied in a laboratory experiment. Experiments were carried out in aquaria with or without a predator (pike, Esox lucius). Habitat use and foraging activity of three-fish foraging groups of either fed or hungry crucian carp were studied. Fish were allowed to choose between an open (risky) habitat with Tubifex worms and a habitat with dense vegetation (safe) without food. Habitat use was significantly affected by both risk of predation and hunger level. Crucian carp spent less time in the open habitat when there was a predator present and they also spent less time there when fed than when hungry. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between risk of predation and hunger level, indicating a state-dependent trade-off between food acquisition and predator avoidance.
在一项实验室实验中，研究了饥饿程度和被捕食风险对鲫鱼（Carassius carassius）栖息地选择和觅食的影响。实验在有或没有捕食者（梭子鱼，Esox lucius）的水族箱中进行。研究了喂食或饥饿的鲫鱼三鱼觅食组的栖息地利用和觅食活动。鱼可以在有颤蚓的开放（有风险）栖息地和没有食物的茂密植被（安全）栖息地之间进行选择。栖息地利用受到捕食风险和饥饿程度的显著影响。当有捕食者存在时，鲫鱼在开放栖息地花费的时间较少，而且与饥饿时相比，喂食时它们在那里花费的时间也较少。此外，捕食风险和饥饿程度之间存在显著的相互作用，表明在食物获取和躲避捕食者之间存在状态依赖的权衡。
