Booker Helen M, Lamb Eric G, Smyth Stuart J
Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
Transgenic Res. 2017 Jun;26(3):399-409. doi: 10.1007/s11248-017-0012-7. Epub 2017 Mar 17.
Canada is the world's largest producer and exporter of flaxseed. In 2009, DNA from deregistered genetically modified (GM) CDC Triffid was detected in a shipment of Canadian flaxseed exported to Europe, causing a large decrease in the amount of flax planted in Canada and a major shift in export markets. The flax industry in Canada undertook major changes to ensure the removal of transgenic flax from the supply chain. To demonstrate compliance, Canada adopted a protocol involving testing grain samples (post-harvest) using an RT-PCR test for the construct found in CDC Triffid. Efforts to remove the presence of GM flax from the value chain included reconstituting major flax varieties from GM-free plants. The reconstituted varieties represented the majority of planting seed in 2014. This study re-evaluates GM flax presence in Canadian grain stocks for an updated dataset (2009-2015) using a previously described simulation model to estimate low-level GM presence. Additionally, losses to the Canadian economy resulting from the reduction in flax production and export opportunities, costs associated with reconstituting major flax varieties, and testing for the presence of GM flax along the flax value chain are estimated.
加拿大是世界上最大的亚麻籽生产国和出口国。2009年，在一批出口到欧洲的加拿大亚麻籽中检测到已注销的转基因（GM）品种CDC Triffid的DNA，导致加拿大亚麻种植量大幅下降以及出口市场的重大转变。加拿大亚麻产业进行了重大变革，以确保从供应链中去除转基因亚麻。为证明合规性，加拿大采用了一项方案，包括使用针对CDC Triffid中发现的构建体的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测试对谷物样本（收获后）进行检测。从价值链中去除转基因亚麻存在的努力包括从无转基因植物中重新培育主要亚麻品种。重新培育的品种在2014年占种植种子的大部分。本研究使用先前描述的模拟模型重新评估了加拿大谷物库存中转基因亚麻的存在情况，以获取更新的数据集（2009 - 2015年），从而估计低水平转基因的存在情况。此外，还估计了亚麻生产和出口机会减少给加拿大经济带来的损失、重新培育主要亚麻品种的成本以及亚麻价值链中检测转基因亚麻存在的成本。
