Ong Ken K
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2017;87:141-151. doi: 10.1159/000448964. Epub 2017 Mar 17.
Observational and experimental studies indicate a remarkably consistent association between rapid growth and weight gain during infancy and higher risks for obesity in later childhood and adult life. This association appears to be equally relevant to breastfed and formula milk-fed infants, and infants small for gestational age and with normal birth weight. The type of infant milk feeding, energy intake, and milk nutrient composition are important determinants of infant growth and weight gain. There is also accumulating evidence that genetic factors related to adult obesity susceptibility act in the central nervous system to regulate intrinsic levels of infant appetite and satiety, and they impact on infant dietary behaviors to influence growth and weight gain. These genetic factors indicate an early life trajectory to later obesity that starts with rapid infancy gains in weight, length, and fat and lean mass, before the subsequent emergence of high BMI and adiposity. Better understanding of the anthropometric, metabolic and behavioral correlates of this trajectory will help to enable early-life prediction and preventive strategies against obesity and related metabolic disorders.
观察性和实验性研究表明，婴儿期快速生长和体重增加与儿童后期及成年期肥胖风险较高之间存在显著一致的关联。这种关联似乎同样适用于母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的婴儿，以及小于胎龄儿和出生体重正常的婴儿。婴儿喂养方式、能量摄入和奶的营养成分是婴儿生长和体重增加的重要决定因素。也有越来越多的证据表明，与成人肥胖易感性相关的遗传因素在中枢神经系统中起作用，调节婴儿食欲和饱腹感的内在水平，并影响婴儿的饮食行为，从而影响生长和体重增加。这些遗传因素表明了一条从婴儿期体重、身长、脂肪和瘦体重快速增加开始，随后出现高BMI和肥胖的后期肥胖早期生命轨迹。更好地理解这一轨迹的人体测量学、代谢和行为相关性，将有助于实现对肥胖及相关代谢紊乱的早期预测和预防策略。
