Reiser Martin Kaspar, Schuster Ralf, Spikings Richard, Tropper Peter, Fügenschuh Bernhard
Institut für Geologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Bruno Sander Haus, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Geologische Bundesanstalt, Neulinggasse 38, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Int J Earth Sci. 2017;106(2):659-685. doi: 10.1007/s00531-016-1335-y. Epub 2016 May 11.
New Ar-Ar muscovite and Rb-Sr biotite age data in combination with structural analyses from the Apuseni Mountains provide new constraints on the timing and kinematics of deformation during the Cretaceous. Time-temperature paths from the structurally highest basement nappe of the Apuseni Mountains in combination with sedimentary data indicate exhumation and a position close to the surface after the Late Jurassic emplacement of the South Apuseni Ophiolites. Early Cretaceous Ar-Ar muscovite ages from structurally lower parts in the Biharia Nappe System (Dacia Mega-Unit) show cooling from medium-grade conditions. NE-SW-trending stretching lineation and associated kinematic indicators of this deformation phase (D1) are overprinted by top-NW-directed thrusting during D2. An Albian to Turonian age (110-90 Ma) is proposed for the main deformation (D2) that formed the present-day geometry of the nappe stack and led to a pervasive retrograde greenschist-facies overprint. Thermochronological and structural data from the Bihor Unit (Tisza Mega-Unit) allowed to establish E-directed differential exhumation during Early-Late Cretaceous times (D3.1). Brittle detachment faulting (D3.2) and the deposition of syn-extensional sediments indicate general uplift and partial surface exposure during the Late Cretaceous. Brittle conditions persist during the latest Cretaceous compressional overprint (D4).
阿普塞尼山脉新的氩-氩白云母和铷-锶黑云母年龄数据，结合结构分析，为白垩纪期间变形的时间和运动学提供了新的限制条件。阿普塞尼山脉结构最高的基底推覆体的时间-温度路径，结合沉积数据表明，在南阿普塞尼蛇绿岩晚侏罗世侵位之后发生了剥露，并处于接近地表的位置。比哈里亚推覆体系统（达契亚巨型单元）结构较低部位的早白垩世氩-氩白云母年龄显示，从中级变质条件下冷却。该变形阶段（D1）的东北-西南走向拉伸线理和相关运动学指标，在D2期间被向西北方向的逆冲作用叠加。主要变形（D2）形成了现今推覆体叠置的几何形态，并导致普遍的逆向绿片岩相叠加，其年龄被认为是阿尔比阶至土伦阶（110 - 90 Ma）。来自比霍尔单元（蒂萨巨型单元）的热年代学和结构数据，确定了早白垩世到晚白垩世期间（D3.1）的E向差异剥露。脆性拆离断层作用（D3.2）和同伸展沉积物的沉积表明，晚白垩世期间普遍隆升和部分地表出露。在最晚白垩世的挤压叠加（D4）期间，脆性条件持续存在。
