The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Aug 15;592:334-344. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.084. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
We conducted an expert assessment to obtain expert opinions on the relative global resilience of ten drinking water and five sanitation technologies to the following six climate-related hazards: drought, decreased inter-annual precipitation, flood, superstorm flood, wind damage, and saline intrusion. Resilience scores ranged from 1.7 to 9.9 out of a maximum resilience of 10, with high scores corresponding to high resilience. We find that for some climate-related hazards, such as drought, technologies demonstrated a large range in resilience, indicating that the choice of water and sanitation technologies is important for areas prone to drought. On the other hand, the range of resilience scores for superstorm flooding was much smaller, particularly for sanitation technologies, suggesting that the choice of technology is less of a determinant of functionality for superstorm flooding as compared to other climate-related hazards. For drinking water technologies, only treated piped utility-managed systems that use surface water had resilience scores >6.0 for all hazards, while protected dug wells were found to be one of the least resilient technologies, consistently scoring <5.0 for all hazards except wind damage. In general, sanitation technologies were found to have low to medium resilience, suggesting that sanitation systems need to be adapted to ensure functionality during and after climate-related hazards. The results of the study can be used to help communities decide which technologies are best suited for the climate-related challenges they face and help in future adaptation planning.
我们进行了一次专家评估，以获取专家对十种饮用水和五种卫生技术相对于以下六种与气候相关的危害的相对全球弹性的意见：干旱、年际降水量减少、洪水、超级风暴洪水、风害和海水入侵。弹性得分范围为 1.7 至 9.9（满分 10 分），得分越高表示弹性越高。我们发现，对于某些与气候相关的危害，例如干旱，技术的弹性范围很大，这表明在易受干旱影响的地区选择水和卫生技术非常重要。另一方面，超级风暴洪水的弹性得分范围要小得多，特别是对于卫生技术，这表明与其他与气候相关的危害相比，技术的选择对超级风暴洪水的功能影响较小。对于饮用水技术，只有使用地表水的经过处理的管道公共管理系统在所有危害下的弹性得分>6.0，而受保护的挖掘井被发现是弹性最低的技术之一，除了风害之外，所有危害的得分都<5.0。总体而言，卫生技术的弹性较低至中等，这表明需要对卫生系统进行调整，以确保在与气候相关的危害期间和之后的功能。该研究的结果可用于帮助社区确定哪些技术最适合他们所面临的与气候相关的挑战，并有助于未来的适应规划。
