de Vries Juriena D, van Hooff Madelon L M, Geurts Sabine A E, Kompier Michiel A J
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2017 Jul 1;43(4):337-349. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3634. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
Objectives The present study evaluated the efficacy of an exercise intervention to reduce work-related fatigue (emotional exhaustion, overall fatigue, and need for recovery). The effects of exercise on self-efficacy, sleep, work ability, cognitive functioning and aerobic fitness (secondary outcomes) were also investigated. Methods Employees with high levels of work-related fatigue were randomly assigned to either a 6-week exercise intervention (EI; N=49) or a wait-list control group (WLC; N=47). All participants were measured pre- (T0) and post-intervention (T1). EI participants were also measured 6 (T2) and 12 weeks (T3) after the end of the intervention. Analyses were based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP). PP analyses only included EI participants (N=31) who completed the intervention and WLC participants (N= 35) who did not increase their exercise level during the wait period. Results Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that, at T1, the EI group reported lower emotional exhaustion and overall fatigue than the WLC group, however, only according to PP analyses. Both according to ITT and PP analyses, EI participants showed higher sleep quality, work ability, and self-reported cognitive functioning at T1 compared to WLC participants. Intervention effects were maintained at T2 and T3. Conclusions The exercise intervention had enduring effects on work-related fatigue and broader indicators of employee well-being. This study demonstrates that, in case of work-related fatigue, exercise does constitute a powerful medicine for those who comply with the treatment.
目的 本研究评估了一项运动干预措施减轻工作相关疲劳（情绪耗竭、整体疲劳和恢复需求）的效果。还调查了运动对自我效能感、睡眠、工作能力、认知功能和有氧适能（次要结果）的影响。方法 将工作相关疲劳程度较高的员工随机分为6周运动干预组（EI；N = 49）或等待名单对照组（WLC；N = 47）。所有参与者在干预前（T0）和干预后（T1）进行测量。EI组参与者在干预结束后6周（T2）和12周（T3）也进行测量。分析基于意向性分析（ITT）和符合方案分析（PP）。PP分析仅包括完成干预的EI组参与者（N = 31）和在等待期内未增加运动水平的WLC组参与者（N = 35）。结果 协方差分析（ANCOVA）显示，在T1时，EI组报告的情绪耗竭和整体疲劳低于WLC组，但仅根据PP分析得出此结果。根据ITT和PP分析，与WLC组参与者相比，EI组参与者在T1时睡眠质量更高、工作能力更强且自我报告的认知功能更好。干预效果在T2和T3时得以维持。结论 运动干预对工作相关疲劳和员工幸福感的更广泛指标具有持久影响。本研究表明，在工作相关疲劳的情况下，运动确实是那些坚持治疗者的一剂良药。
