Ulery Bradford T, Hicklin R Austin, Roberts Maria Antonia, Buscaglia JoAnn
Noblis, Reston, VA, USA.
Latent Print Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, Quantico, VA, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Jun;275:65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.011. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Exclusion is the determination by a latent print examiner that two friction ridge impressions did not originate from the same source. The concept and terminology of exclusion vary among agencies. Much of the literature on latent print examination focuses on individualization, and much less attention has been paid to exclusion. This experimental study assesses the associations between a variety of factors and exclusion determinations. Although erroneous exclusions are more likely to occur on some images and for some examiners, they were widely distributed among images and examiners. Measurable factors found to be associated with exclusion rates include the quality of the latent, value determinations, analysis minutia count, comparison difficulty, and the presence of cores or deltas. An understanding of these associations will help explain the circumstances under which errors are more likely to occur and when determinations are less likely to be reproduced by other examiners; the results should also lead to improved effectiveness and efficiency of training and casework quality assurance. This research is intended to assist examiners in improving the examination process and provide information to the broader community regarding the accuracy, reliability, and implications of exclusion decisions.
排除是指潜在指纹鉴定人员判定两枚摩擦嵴印纹并非源自同一来源。各机构对于排除的概念和术语有所不同。关于潜在指纹鉴定的文献大多聚焦于个体化，而对排除的关注则少得多。这项实验研究评估了多种因素与排除判定之间的关联。尽管错误排除在某些图像和某些鉴定人员身上更易出现，但它们在图像和鉴定人员中分布广泛。已发现与排除率相关的可测量因素包括潜在指纹的质量、价值判定、分析细节数量、比较难度以及中心或三角的存在情况。了解这些关联将有助于解释在哪些情况下更易出现错误以及哪些情况下其他鉴定人员不太可能重复做出判定；研究结果还应能提高培训的有效性和效率以及案件工作质量保证。本研究旨在协助鉴定人员改进鉴定过程，并向更广泛的群体提供有关排除决定的准确性、可靠性及影响的信息。
