Chartrel Nicolas, Prévost Gaëtan, El Medhi Mouna, Arabo Arnaud, Berrahmoune Hind, Maucotel Julie, Anouar Youssef, Picot Marie
INSERM U982, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
INSERM U982, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France - Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen, Université de Rouen, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.
Biol Aujourdhui. 2016;210(4):227-235. doi: 10.1051/jbio/2016024. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
The neuropeptide 26RFa, also referred to as QRFP (for pyroglutamilated RFamide peptide), is the latest member of the RFamide peptide family to be discovered. 26RFa and its N-extended form, 43RFa, have been characterized in all vertebrate classes as the endogenous ligands of the human orphan receptor GPR103. In the brain, 26RFa and GPR103mRNA are primarily expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved in the control of feeding behavior, and in the periphery, the neuropeptide and its receptor are present in abundance in the gut and the pancreatic islets, suggesting that 26RFa is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Indeed, 26RFa stimulates food intake when centrally injected, and its orexigenic effect is even more pronounced in obese animals. The expression of 26RFa is up-regulated in the hypothalamus of obese animals, supporting the view that 26RFa may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of the obese status. Recent data indicate that 26RFa is also involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. 26RFa reduces glucose-induced hyperglycemia, increases insulin sensitivity and insulinemia. Furthermore, an oral ingestion of glucose strongly stimulates 26RFa release by the gut, indicating that 26RFa is a novel incretin. Finally, 26RFa is able to prevent pancreatic β cell death and apoptosis. In conclusion, this overview of the literature reveals that 26RFa is a key neuropeptide in the regulation of energy metabolism. Further fields of research are suggested including the pathophysiological implication of the 26RFa/GPR103 system.
神经肽26RFa，也被称为QRFP（焦谷氨酰化RF酰胺肽），是RF酰胺肽家族中最新发现的成员。26RFa及其N端延伸形式43RFa，在所有脊椎动物类别中均被鉴定为人类孤儿受体GPR103的内源性配体。在大脑中，26RFa和GPR103mRNA主要在下丘脑参与进食行为控制的核团中表达，在外周，该神经肽及其受体在肠道和胰岛中大量存在，这表明26RFa参与能量代谢的调节。实际上，中枢注射26RFa会刺激食物摄入，其促食欲作用在肥胖动物中更为明显。肥胖动物下丘脑26RFa的表达上调，支持了26RFa可能在肥胖状态的发展和/或维持中起作用的观点。最近的数据表明，26RFa也参与葡萄糖稳态的调节。26RFa可降低葡萄糖诱导的高血糖，增加胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素血症。此外，口服葡萄糖会强烈刺激肠道释放26RFa，表明26RFa是一种新型肠促胰岛素。最后，26RFa能够预防胰腺β细胞死亡和凋亡。总之，文献综述表明26RFa是能量代谢调节中的关键神经肽。建议开展进一步的研究领域，包括26RFa/GPR103系统的病理生理学意义。
