Foà Chiara, Tura Grazia Antonella, Camelli Claudia, Silingardi Roberta, Malavolti Monia, Kuenzer Elisabeth, Carraro Gabriella, De Paolis Barbara, Sarli Leopoldo
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
Acta Biomed. 2017 Mar 14;88(1S):40-53. doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i1-S.6283.
The infection risk prevention is one of the main objectives of all health and sanitary systems, since the reduction of the healthcare associated infections is attainable goals through appropriate prevention strategies. Among these, proper hand hygiene of health care professionals and citizens (visitors/outpatients/caregivers, volunteers) is fundamental to reduce the spreading of micro organisms and prevent infections. The purpose of the study is indeed to explore the self-reported hand washing behavior of citizens who access to health facilities and the variables involved in it, using in particular the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
A quantitative research was lead using an anonymous questionnaire, filled out online by 195 citizens (53.6% Female). In the survey were included all the associations of volunteers, relatives and caregivers who cooperate in health care settings of Emilia Romagna Region (Italy).
This study has shown that hand hygiene is influenced by different socio-demographic (e.g. gender, age, education) and socio-cognitive variables (intention, attitude, subjective norms, control beliefs). In particular, citizens have a favorable attitude toward hands hygiene in healthcare settings, but they wash their hands more frequently in other contexts or in case of global infectious diseases.
The study confirms that the Theory of Planned Behavior adequately explains the hand hygiene behavior in health care settings. Furthermore the threat of infection has a significant impact both on the intention and on the behavior. The results mostly interested those are involved in infectious risk giving the opportunity to intervene with targeted programs for the citizenship.
感染风险预防是所有卫生系统的主要目标之一，因为通过适当的预防策略降低医疗相关感染是可以实现的目标。其中，医护人员以及公民（访客/门诊患者/护理人员、志愿者）正确的手部卫生对于减少微生物传播和预防感染至关重要。本研究的目的确实是利用计划行为理论，探索进入医疗机构的公民自我报告的洗手行为及其相关变量。
采用定量研究方法，通过一份匿名问卷进行调查，195名公民（53.6%为女性）在线填写。调查对象包括在意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅地区医疗机构合作的所有志愿者、亲属和护理人员协会。
本研究表明，手部卫生受到不同社会人口学因素（如性别、年龄、教育程度）和社会认知变量（意图、态度、主观规范、控制信念）的影响。特别是，公民对医疗机构中的手部卫生持积极态度，但他们在其他情况下或遇到全球传染病时洗手更频繁。
该研究证实计划行为理论能够充分解释医疗机构中的手部卫生行为。此外，感染威胁对意图和行为都有重大影响。这些结果主要引起了那些关注感染风险的人的兴趣，为针对公民的定向干预计划提供了机会。
