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巴基斯坦烟粉虱(半翅目:粉虱科)对碳二亚胺和新烟碱类杀虫剂的田间进化抗性

Field-Evolved Resistance of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Carbodiimide and Neonicotinoids in Pakistan.

作者信息

Ahmad Mushtaq, Khan Rashid A

机构信息

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan (

Corresponding author, e-mail:

出版信息

J Econ Entomol. 2017 Jun 1;110(3):1235-1242. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox058.

Abstract

The evolution of resistance to carbodiimide (a toxic metabolite of diafenthiuron) and four neonicotinoids imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and thiacloprid in the Pakistani populations of sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) was monitored from 1996 to 2015 using a leaf-dip bioassay. Diafenthiuron, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid were introduced into Pakistani agriculture in mid-1990s and heavily used since then, because B. tabaci resistance and consequently control failures to conventional insecticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids were widespread during the 1990s. According to the current studies, resistance to carbodiimide, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid during 1996-2010 and to thiamethoxam during 1999-2007 remained very low, but then it rose sharply, and by the year 2015, the B. tabaci resistance increased to very high levels. Among neonicotinoids, thiacloprid was the latest introduction in Pakistan in 2002. There was no thiacloprid resistance in 2002 and 2003, a low to moderate resistance during 2004-2006, and a very high resistance during 2007-2010 that even exceeded resistance to previous neonicotinoids. We may conclude that diafenthiuron and neonicotinoids remained effective against B. tabaci for 15 yr following their intensive use under field conditions, before a significant resistance, leading to their field failures, occurred in Pakistan.

摘要

1996年至2015年期间,通过浸叶生物测定法监测了巴基斯坦烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)种群对碳二亚胺(双甲脒的一种有毒代谢物)以及四种新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的抗性演变。双甲脒、吡虫啉和啶虫脒于20世纪90年代中期引入巴基斯坦农业,自那时起大量使用,因为在20世纪90年代,烟粉虱对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和拟除虫菊酯等传统杀虫剂产生抗性并导致防治失败的情况很普遍。根据目前的研究,1996 - 2010年期间对碳二亚胺、吡虫啉和啶虫脒以及1999 - 2007年期间对噻虫嗪的抗性一直很低,但随后急剧上升,到2015年,烟粉虱的抗性增加到非常高的水平。在新烟碱类杀虫剂中,噻虫啉是2002年最晚引入巴基斯坦的。2002年和2003年没有噻虫啉抗性,2004 - 2006年为低至中等抗性,2007 - 2010年为非常高的抗性,甚至超过了对先前新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性。我们可以得出结论,在田间条件下大量使用后,双甲脒和新烟碱类杀虫剂在15年内对烟粉虱仍然有效,直到在巴基斯坦出现显著抗性并导致其在田间防治失败。

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