Iverach Lisa, Rapee Ronald M, Wong Quincy J J, Lowe Robyn
Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, AustraliaAustralian Stuttering Research Centre, The University of Sydney.
Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2017 May 17;26(2):540-556. doi: 10.1044/2016_AJSLP-16-0033.
Stuttering is a speech disorder frequently accompanied by anxiety in social-evaluative situations. A growing body of research has confirmed a significant rate of social anxiety disorder among adults who stutter. Social anxiety disorder is a chronic and disabling anxiety disorder associated with substantial life impairment. Several influential models have described cognitive-behavioral factors that contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety in nonstuttering populations. The purpose of the present article is to apply these leading models to the experience of social anxiety for people who stutter.
Components from existing models were applied to stuttering in order to determine cognitive-behavioral processes that occur before, during, and after social-evaluative situations, which may increase the likelihood of stuttering-related social fears persisting.
Maintenance of social anxiety in stuttering may be influenced by a host of interrelated factors, including fear of negative evaluation, negative social-evaluative cognitions, attentional biases, self-focused attention, safety behaviors, and anticipatory and postevent processing.
Given the chronic nature of social anxiety disorder, identifying factors that contribute to the persistence of stuttering-related social fears has the potential to inform clinical practice and the development of psychological treatment programs to address the speech and psychological needs of people who stutter with social anxiety.
口吃是一种言语障碍，在社交评价情境中常伴有焦虑。越来越多的研究证实，成年口吃者中社交焦虑障碍的发生率很高。社交焦虑障碍是一种慢性致残性焦虑障碍，会对生活造成严重影响。有几个有影响力的模型描述了导致非口吃人群社交焦虑持续存在的认知行为因素。本文的目的是将这些主要模型应用于口吃者的社交焦虑体验。
将现有模型的组成部分应用于口吃，以确定在社交评价情境之前、期间和之后发生的认知行为过程，这些过程可能会增加与口吃相关的社交恐惧持续存在的可能性。
口吃中社交焦虑的持续存在可能受到一系列相互关联的因素影响，包括对负面评价的恐惧、负面的社交评价认知、注意力偏差、自我关注、安全行为以及预期和事后处理。
鉴于社交焦虑障碍的慢性性质，识别导致与口吃相关的社交恐惧持续存在的因素，有可能为临床实践和心理治疗方案的制定提供信息，以满足伴有社交焦虑的口吃者的言语和心理需求。
