Li Yang, Long Zhouting, Cao Danfeng, Cao Fenglin
School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
J Clin Nurs. 2017 Sep;26(17-18):2776-2783. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13817. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
To report changes in the prevalence of depression and the level of social support at three different time points in the perinatal period (late pregnancy, 1 week postpartum and 4 weeks postpartum) and to examine the relationship between depression and social support at these points in time.
Social support is a modifiable factor for depression. Existing research is limited to examining social support at a single time point in relation to antepartum or postpartum depression.
A longitudinal study.
In total, 240 pregnant women were recruited from the prenatal clinic at a general hospital in China between June-September 2013. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to measure the risk of depression and perceived social support at late pregnancy, within the first week postpartum, and at 4 weeks postpartum.
The Perceived Social Support Scale scores within the first week after birth were higher than scores at the late pregnancy and postpartum week 4, while the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at late pregnancy were higher than scores at the two postpartum times. Women who had higher Perceived Social Support Scale scores at late pregnancy had less likelihood of developing antepartum depression, and women with higher Perceived Social Support Scale scores at postpartum week 4 were less likely to have postpartum depression. However, the Perceived Social Support Scale scores at late pregnancy did not predict the risk of postpartum depression.
The study revealed that social support perceived by women changed over the perinatal period. Social support at each stage of the perinatal period was an important buffer against depression at this stage.
An increased focus on the relationship between social support and depression at each stage of the perinatal period is necessary for future research and practice.
报告围产期三个不同时间点（妊娠晚期、产后1周和产后4周）抑郁症患病率的变化以及社会支持水平，并研究这些时间点抑郁症与社会支持之间的关系。
社会支持是抑郁症的一个可改变因素。现有研究仅限于在单一时间点考察与产前或产后抑郁症相关的社会支持。
一项纵向研究。
2013年6月至9月期间，在中国一家综合医院的产前诊所招募了240名孕妇。采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和领悟社会支持量表，分别在妊娠晚期、产后第一周和产后4周测量抑郁症风险和领悟社会支持情况。
产后第一周领悟社会支持量表得分高于妊娠晚期和产后第4周得分，而妊娠晚期爱丁堡产后抑郁量表得分高于产后两个时间点得分。妊娠晚期领悟社会支持量表得分较高的女性患产前抑郁症的可能性较小，产后第4周领悟社会支持量表得分较高的女性患产后抑郁症的可能性较小。然而，妊娠晚期领悟社会支持量表得分并不能预测产后抑郁症的风险。
该研究表明，女性在围产期领悟到的社会支持会发生变化。围产期各阶段的社会支持是该阶段预防抑郁症的重要缓冲因素。
未来的研究和实践有必要更多地关注围产期各阶段社会支持与抑郁症之间的关系。
