PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
URA, INRA 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Poult Sci. 2017 Jul 1;96(7):2459-2470. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex025.
Decades of genetic selection have generated 2 different, highly specialized types of chickens in which 1 type, known as the layer-type chicken, expresses high laying performance while the other type, known as the broiler-type chicken, is dedicated to the production of fast-growing birds. Selected lines for the latter type often express disorders in their reproductive performance including early sexual maturation and accelerated, non-reversible seasonal decline of their semen production and mating behavior. The aim of the present study was to characterize some metabolic markers of the Sertoli cell populations. Sertoli cells are somatic cells known to support, coordinate, nourish, and protect the germ cell populations from onset to the end of their meiotic process. Comparisons of gonadal development between males of the 2 genetic types taken at their pre-pubertal period indicated that the testes of layer-type chickens are significantly less developed than in broiler-type males taken at the same age. In addition, cultures of purified Sertoli cells from the 2 types revealed in vitro a higher proliferative capacity when issued from layer compared to broiler-type chickens. This was associated with a higher expression of the genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids (CPT1; PPARβ) as well as a 4-fold increase in the Lactate Dehydrogenase-A expression and activity. In contrast, Sertoli cells from broiler-type chickens presented an elevated activity of citrate synthase and mitochondria, suggesting a better efficacy of aerobic metabolism in Sertoli cells from broiler compared to layer-type chickens. Moreover, the testis from broiler-type chickens seems to be more sensitive to oxidative stress due to the lower global antioxidant capacity compared to layer-type chickens.In conclusion, these results suggest that the metabolic activity of testicular tissues is different in the layer and broiler breeder chickens. The aerobic metabolism more prevalent in broiler-type chickens could be a factor to reduce the male fertility such as germ cell quality.
几十年来的基因选择产生了两种截然不同的、高度专业化的鸡，其中一种被称为“产蛋型鸡”，表现出高产蛋性能，而另一种被称为“肉鸡型鸡”，则专门用于生产快速生长的鸟类。后一种类型的选择线通常表现出其生殖性能的紊乱，包括早期性成熟和精液产量和交配行为的加速、不可逆转的季节性下降。本研究的目的是描述一些支持细胞群体的代谢标记物。支持细胞是已知支持、协调、滋养和保护生殖细胞群体从开始到减数分裂过程结束的体细胞。在青春期前阶段，对两种遗传类型的雄性进行比较，结果表明，产蛋型鸡的睾丸发育明显不如同龄的肉鸡型雄性。此外，从两种类型中分离出的纯化支持细胞培养物在体外显示出更高的增殖能力，而产蛋型鸡的增殖能力高于肉鸡型鸡。这与涉及脂肪酸β氧化的基因（CPT1；PPARβ）的表达增加以及乳酸脱氢酶-A 表达和活性增加 4 倍有关。相反，来自肉鸡型鸡的支持细胞呈现出柠檬酸合酶和线粒体的活性升高，表明与产蛋型鸡相比，肉鸡型鸡的支持细胞中有氧代谢的效果更好。此外，由于肉鸡型鸡的总抗氧化能力低于产蛋型鸡，因此肉鸡型鸡的睾丸似乎对氧化应激更为敏感。总之，这些结果表明，产蛋型和肉鸡型种鸡的睾丸组织的代谢活性不同。肉鸡型鸡中更为流行的有氧代谢可能是降低精子质量等雄性生育能力的一个因素。
