College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434103, P.R. China.
Ostrich Research Institute, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434103, P.R. China.
Poult Sci. 2017 Jul 1;96(7):2006-2012. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew504.
This study investigates the developmental morphology changes on the proventriculus and gizzard of African ostrich chicks using gross anatomy, and light and transmission electronic microscopy. The body weight; the weight of the proventriculus and gizzard; the thickness of simple tubular glands, muscularis mucosae, compound tubular glands, and muscular layer of the proventriculus; and the thickness of the gizzard glands and muscularis mucosae were measured on postnatal d one, 45, 90, and 334. Under transmission electronic microscopy, the oxynticopeptic cells, mucous cells, and endocrine cells were observed in the proventriculus on postnatal d one, 45, and 90. Our results revealed that the weights of the proventriculus and gizzard (relative to the body weight) both peaked on d 90, respectively, and declined thereafter. The thicknesses of the simple tubular glands, muscularis mucosae, compound tubular glands, muscular layer of the proventriculus, and gizzard glands increased with increasing bird age. However, the thickness of the muscularis mucosae in the gizzard peaked on d 90 and gradually decreased thereafter. The result of transmission electron microscopy revealed that the glands in the submucosa layer of the proventriculus did not differ from other cell types, aside from an increase in cell diameter and an increase in cytoplasmic content. A significant increase in the number of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was noted, as well as an in granules secreted by endocrine cells. Therefore, to improve brood rates of reared African ostrich chicks, feed management ought to be enhanced between postnatal d one and day 90.
本研究采用大体解剖学、光镜和透射电镜技术研究了非洲鸵鸟雏鸡前胃和肌胃的发育形态变化。测量了雏鸡出生后第 1、45、90 和 334 天的体重、前胃和肌胃重量、简单管状腺、黏膜肌层、复管状腺和肌层的厚度以及肌胃腺和黏膜肌层的厚度。在透射电镜下，观察了前胃在出生后第 1、45 和 90 天的泌酸细胞、黏液细胞和内分泌细胞。结果表明，前胃和肌胃（相对于体重）的重量均在第 90 天达到峰值，此后下降。简单管状腺、黏膜肌层、复管状腺、前胃肌层和肌胃腺的厚度随日龄的增加而增加。然而，肌胃的黏膜肌层在第 90 天达到峰值，此后逐渐减少。透射电镜结果显示，前胃黏膜下层的腺体与其他细胞类型没有区别，除了细胞直径增大和细胞质内容物增加外。还观察到线粒体和光滑内质网数量显著增加，内分泌细胞分泌的颗粒也增加。因此，为了提高人工饲养非洲鸵鸟雏鸡的繁殖率，在出生后第 1 天至第 90 天之间应加强饲养管理。
