Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Av. Veterinaria S/N, Circuito Universitario, Col. Valle del Sur, 34120, Durango, DGO, Mexico.
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Chemosphere. 2017 Jul;178:391-401. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.032. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
Total, bioaccessible and mobile concentrations of arsenic and fluorine are determined in polluted surface soil within the Comarca Lagunera region using standardized protocols to obtain a full description of the environmental behavior for these elements. The composition of mineral phases associated with them is evaluated with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Mineralogical characterizations indicate that ultra-fine particles (<1-5 μm) including mimetite-vanadite (Pb(AsO)Cl, Pb(AsO, VO)Cl)-like, lead arseniate (Pb(AsO))-like and complex arsenic-bearing compounds are main arsenic-bearing phases, while fluorite (CaF) is the only fluorine-bearing phase. Total fluorine and arsenic concentrations in surface soil range from 89.75 to 926.63 and 2.7-78.6 mg kg, respectively, exceeding in many points a typical baseline value for fluorine (321 mg kg), and trigger level criterion for arsenic soil remediation (20 mg kg); whereas fluoride and arsenic concentrations in groundwater vary from 0.24 to 1.8 mg L and 0.12-0.650 mg L, respectively. The main bioaccessible percentages of soil in the gastric phase (SBRC-G) are estimated for arsenic from 1 to 63%, and this parameter in the intestinal phase (SBRC-I) fluorine from 2 to 46%, suggesting human health risks for this region. While a negligible/low mobility is found in soil for arsenic (0.1-11%), an important mobility is determined for fluorine (2-39%), indicating environmental risk related to potential fluorine release. The environmental and health risks connected to arsenic and fluorine are discussed based on experimental data.
采用标准化方案，在拉古纳地区受污染的表层土壤中测定砷和氟的总量、生物可利用量和可迁移量，以全面描述这些元素的环境行为。采用微观和光谱技术评估与之相关的矿物相组成。矿物学特征表明，包括砷铅矿-钒铅矿（Pb(AsO)Cl、Pb(AsO、VO)Cl）样、砷酸铅（Pb(AsO)）样和复杂含砷化合物在内的超细颗粒（<1-5μm）是主要的含砷相，而萤石（CaF）是唯一的含氟相。表层土壤中总氟和总砷浓度范围分别为 89.75-926.63mgkg 和 2.7-78.6mgkg，在许多点上均超过氟的典型基线值（321mgkg）和砷土壤修复的触发水平标准（20mgkg）；而地下水中氟和砷的浓度范围分别为 0.24-1.8mgL 和 0.12-0.650mgL。对胃相（SBRC-G）中土壤的主要生物可利用百分比（SBRC-G）进行了估算，结果表明砷的生物可利用百分比为 1-63%，而肠相（SBRC-I）中氟的生物可利用百分比为 2-46%，这表明该地区存在人类健康风险。虽然土壤中砷的迁移性很低（0.1-11%），但氟的迁移性很强（2-39%），表明与潜在氟释放相关的环境风险。根据实验数据讨论了与砷和氟有关的环境和健康风险。
