Rehman Kashif Ur, Cai Minmin, Xiao Xiaopeng, Zheng Longyu, Wang Hui, Soomro Abdul Aziz, Zhou Yusha, Li Wu, Yu Ziniu, Zhang Jibin
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan.
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Jul 1;196:458-465. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.047. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
World trends toward the modern dairies intensification on large production units cause massive animal manure production and accumulation. Improper handling of manure produced by industrial farm operation greatly deteriorates the major environmental media including air, water and soil. The black soldier fly utilizes organic waste and converts it into larvae biomass to be used as livestock feed and into residues to be used as bio-fertilizer. However, due to the high ratio of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in dairy manure, this conversion is difficult. Therefore, dairy manure treated with chicken manure was digested by Hermetia illucens. In this paper, we found that the co-digestion process significantly enhanced the larval production, waste mass reduction, rate of larvae conversion, feed conversion ratio, nutrient reduction and fibers utilization. Whereas 40% dairy manure and 60% chicken manure group show better results than other manure mixtures and had a significantly increased the cellulose consumption by 61.19%, hemicellulose consumption by 53.22% and lignin consumption by 42.23% compared with 49.89%, 49.77% and 31.95%, respectively, in the dairy-only manure group. Finally, scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the structural changes of dairy manure, chicken manure and their co-digestion mixtures. The scan electron microscopy showed the deterioration in the structure of dairy and chicken manure fibers by Hermetia illucens. Moreover, the carbon-nitrogen ratio was decreased in all end products of post vermicomposting. The results suggest that the co-digestion of 40% dairy manure with 60% chicken manure is an appropriate proportion for dairy manure management with the black soldier fly.
全球乳业朝着大型生产单位集约化发展的趋势导致了大量动物粪便的产生和积累。工业养殖场运营产生的粪便处理不当会极大地恶化包括空气、水和土壤在内的主要环境介质。黑水虻能利用有机废物，将其转化为可作为牲畜饲料的幼虫生物质以及可作为生物肥料的残渣。然而，由于奶牛粪便中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的比例较高，这种转化很困难。因此，用鸡粪处理过的奶牛粪便由亮斑扁角水虻进行消化处理。在本文中，我们发现共消化过程显著提高了幼虫产量、减少了废物质量、提高了幼虫转化率、饲料转化率、养分减少量以及纤维利用率。其中，40%奶牛粪便和60%鸡粪的组合比其他粪便混合物表现出更好的效果，与仅使用奶牛粪便的组相比，纤维素消耗量显著增加了61.19%，半纤维素消耗量增加了53.22%，木质素消耗量增加了42.23%，而仅使用奶牛粪便的组中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的消耗量分别为49.89%、49.77%和31.95%。最后，使用扫描电子显微镜分析了奶牛粪便、鸡粪及其共消化混合物的结构变化。扫描电子显微镜显示亮斑扁角水虻使奶牛和鸡粪纤维的结构发生了退化。此外，所有蚯蚓堆肥后产物的碳氮比均降低。结果表明，40%奶牛粪便与60%鸡粪的共消化是利用黑水虻管理奶牛粪便的合适比例。
