Gatti Fabiane Aguiar Dos Anjos, Ceolan Etienne, Greco Fernando Salles Rodrigues, Santos Paula Costa, Klafke Gabriel Baracy, de Oliveira Gisele Rodrigues, Von Groll Andrea, de Martinez Ana Maria Barral, Gonçalves Carla Vitola, Scaini Carlos James
Laboratory of Parasitology, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 27;12(3):e0173604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173604. eCollection 2017.
Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world; however, it remains a neglected parasitic disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis and its associated epidemiological factors among women treated at a hospital in southern Brazil.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of this infection in women treated at Hospital Universitário (HU) in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between January 2012 and January 2015. This study consisted a self-administered questionnaire regarding demographic, clinical, and behavioural data and a molecular diagnosis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TVK3/7 primer set, which was confirmed with sequence analysis. Of the 345 women surveyed, the overall prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) was 4.1% (14/345). The prevalence rates were 5.9% among pregnant women, 8.5% among HIV-positive women, and 10.1% among HIV-positive pregnant women. The rates for groups with other significant demographic and clinical features were as follows: 6.6% among women with white skin, 12.3% among women with an income below the minimum monthly wage, 7.4% among women with a vaginal pH greater than or equal to 4.6, and 7.9% among women with a comorbid STD. The multivariate analysis confirmed that pregnant women who were HIV-positive (p = 0.001) and had low incomes (p = 0.026) were the most likely to have this infection.
A multivariate analysis confirmed that HIV-positive pregnant women with low incomes were the participants most likely to have trichomoniasis. These results are important because this Brazilian region presents a high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype C, which is associated with greater transmissibility. Additionally, low family income reveals a socioeconomic fragility that might favour the transmission of this STD.
滴虫病是世界上最常见的非病毒性传播疾病（STD）；然而，它仍然是一种被忽视的寄生虫病。本研究旨在确定巴西南部一家医院接受治疗的女性中滴虫病的患病率及其相关的流行病学因素。
方法/主要发现：进行了一项横断面研究，以确定2012年1月至2015年1月期间在巴西南里奥格兰德州里奥格兰德市大学医院（HU）接受治疗的女性中这种感染的患病率。本研究包括一份关于人口统计学、临床和行为数据的自填问卷，以及使用TVK3/7引物组通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行的分子诊断，并通过序列分析进行确认。在接受调查的345名女性中，阴道毛滴虫（T. vaginalis）的总体患病率为4.1%（14/345）。孕妇中的患病率为5.9%，HIV阳性女性中的患病率为8.5%，HIV阳性孕妇中的患病率为10.1%。具有其他显著人口统计学和临床特征的组的患病率如下：皮肤白皙的女性中为6.6%；月收入低于最低工资的女性中为12.3%；阴道pH值大于或等于4.6的女性中为7.4%；患有合并性传播疾病的女性中为7.9%。多变量分析证实，HIV阳性（p = 0.001）且收入低（p = 0.026）的孕妇最有可能感染这种疾病。
多变量分析证实，低收入的HIV阳性孕妇是最有可能患滴虫病的参与者。这些结果很重要，因为该巴西地区呈现出高流行率的HIV-1 C亚型，这与更高的传播性相关。此外，家庭收入低揭示了一种社会经济脆弱性，这可能有利于这种性传播疾病的传播。
