National Center for PTSD-Dissemination & Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017 Apr;19(4):23. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0775-9.
The current review aims to summarize the state of research on cannabis and sleep up to 2014 and to review in detail the literature on cannabis and specific sleep disorders from 2014 to the time of publication.
Preliminary research into cannabis and insomnia suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of insomnia. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may decrease sleep latency but could impair sleep quality long-term. Novel studies investigating cannabinoids and obstructive sleep apnea suggest that synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone and dronabinol may have short-term benefit for sleep apnea due to their modulatory effects on serotonin-mediated apneas. CBD may hold promise for REM sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness, while nabilone may reduce nightmares associated with PTSD and may improve sleep among patients with chronic pain. Research on cannabis and sleep is in its infancy and has yielded mixed results. Additional controlled and longitudinal research is critical to advance our understanding of research and clinical implications.
本综述旨在总结截至 2014 年关于大麻和睡眠的研究现状，并详细回顾 2014 年至今关于大麻和特定睡眠障碍的文献。
初步研究表明大麻中的大麻二酚（CBD）可能具有治疗失眠的潜力。Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）可能会缩短入睡潜伏期，但长期来看可能会影响睡眠质量。新型研究调查大麻素和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，表明合成大麻素如纳布啡和屈大麻酚可能通过调节 5-羟色胺介导的呼吸暂停而对睡眠呼吸暂停具有短期益处。CBD 可能对 REM 睡眠行为障碍和日间过度嗜睡有希望，而纳布啡可能会减少 PTSD 相关的噩梦，并改善慢性疼痛患者的睡眠。关于大麻和睡眠的研究尚处于起步阶段，结果喜忧参半。需要更多的对照和纵向研究来加深我们对这方面的理解。
