Cotofana Sebastian, Mian Asima, Sykes Jonathan M, Redka-Swoboda Wolfgang, Ladinger Andrea, Pavicic Tatjana, Schenck Thilo L, Benslimane Fahd, Ingallina Fabio, Schlattau Alexander
Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies; Salzburg, Austria; Sacramento, Calif.; Munich, Germany; Casablanca, Morocco; and Catania, Italy.
From the Department of Anatomy, Ross University School of Medicine; the Institute of Anatomy and the Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg & Nuremberg; Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center; FaceSthetics, private practice, and the Department of Hand, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Clinique Benslimane; and Clinica Di Stefano Velona.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017 Apr;139(4):864e-872e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003174.
The forehead is one of the most frequent locations for neuromodulator and soft tissue filler applications; however, the underlying anatomy is still poorly understood. Thus far, the presence of deep forehead compartments has not been confirmed.
Twenty Caucasian cephalic specimens, 15 fresh frozen (six female and nine male) and five with formalin-phenol embalmment (three female and two male) were investigated using contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans, dye injections, and anatomical dissections.
Three superficial (one central and two lateral) and three deep (one central and two lateral) forehead compartments were identified. The superficial fat compartments were found within the subcutaneous fat tissue (layer 2) and measured 2.1 × 4.6 mm for the superficial central forehead compartments and the right superficial lateral forehead compartments and 2.6 × 3.2 cm for the left superficial lateral forehead compartments, with a mean volume of 2.5, 3.1, and 3.4 cc, respectively. The deep fat compartments were identified deep to the frontalis muscle but superficial to the periosteum with an extent of 6.4 × 5.9 cm for the deep central forehead compartments, 2.6 × 5.8 cm for the right deep lateral forehead compartments, and 2.7 × 5.8 cm for the left deep lateral forehead compartments, and a mean volume of 9.1, 1.6, and 1.4 cc, respectively.
The results presented in this study increase the understanding of the forehead anatomy. Understanding the presence of the superficial and the deep forehead compartments allows one to change the signs of frontal aging. The deep forehead compartments are in general avascular planes and permit blunt dissection for access to the supraorbital region.
前额是神经调节剂和软组织填充剂应用最频繁的部位之一；然而，其潜在解剖结构仍未得到充分了解。迄今为止，前额深部腔隙的存在尚未得到证实。
使用对比增强计算机断层扫描、染料注射和解剖 dissection 对 20 个白种人头颅标本进行研究，其中 15 个新鲜冷冻标本（6 个女性和 9 个男性），5 个经福尔马林 - 苯酚防腐处理（3 个女性和 2 个男性）。
确定了三个浅表（一个中央和两个外侧）和三个深部（一个中央和两个外侧）前额腔隙。浅表脂肪腔隙位于皮下脂肪组织（第 2 层）内，浅表中央前额腔隙和右侧浅表外侧前额腔隙尺寸为 2.1×4.6 毫米，左侧浅表外侧前额腔隙尺寸为
